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采用强度折减法研究二维和三维边坡的失稳机理。通过大量的算例,分析边界条件、强度参数和坡顶超载的三维效应,并与二维计算方法的结果进行对比,确定二维和三维计算方法的适用范围。数值模拟的计算结果表明,三维效应对滑体宽度很敏感;而对于特定的边坡几何尺寸,三维效应则受无量纲参数c/(γHtanφ)的影响。对于坡顶承受荷载的无限长边坡,边坡失稳模式主要受到荷载的影响。而对于同时受到物理边界和坡顶超载作用的边坡,失稳模式会受到两者的影响;随着荷载长度的增加,边界条件的影响更加显著。进而提出二维和三维的边坡稳定分析图,可以快速、可靠地确定二维和三维安全系数,且不需要任何迭代。最后,基于边坡三维效应和边坡稳定分析图的研究,总结一套简单实用的边坡计算流程,判断何时该采用二维或三维计算方法。
Study on Instability Mechanism of 2D and 3D Slope by Strength Reduction Method. Through a large number of examples, the three-dimensional effects of boundary conditions, strength parameters and overloading on the top of slope are analyzed and compared with the results of two-dimensional calculation to determine the applicable range of two-dimensional and three-dimensional calculation methods. Numerical simulation results show that the three-dimensional effect is very sensitive to the width of the slide, while the three-dimensional effect is affected by the dimensionless parameter c / (γHtanφ) for a particular slope geometry. For an infinite long slope subjected to a load on a slope, the slope failure mode is mainly affected by the load. For the slopes affected by the physical boundary and overload, the instability mode is affected by both of them. With the increase of load length, the influence of the boundary conditions becomes more significant. Furthermore, two-dimensional and three-dimensional slope stability analysis maps are proposed, which can quickly and reliably determine the two-dimensional and three-dimensional safety factors without any iteration. Finally, based on the study of slope three-dimensional effect and slope stability analysis, a simple and practical slope calculation procedure is summarized to determine when to use 2D or 3D calculation method.