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针对汽车用铝合金结构件的安全设计要求,对不同长度的5052H34铝合金焊接单帽结构进行静态轴向压缩试验和有限元模拟。结果表明,构件的长度对其所能承受的最大载荷影响较小,而焊缝的局部性能对结构的平均载荷影响较大;对构件进行有限元模拟发现,其轴向压缩变形模式及叠缩周期与试验结果基本吻合,但构件的载荷和能量吸收与试验结果相差较大。单帽结构在压缩变形过程中,焊缝发生横向折断和纵向撕裂。其中,纵向撕裂导致结构的承载能力迅速下降,是影响结构整体承载能力的关键因素。
Aiming at the safety design requirements of aluminum alloy structural parts for automobiles, static axial compression tests and finite element simulation of 5052H34 aluminum alloy welding single cap structures with different lengths were carried out. The results show that the length of the member has little effect on the maximum load it can bear, and the local behavior of the weld has a significant effect on the average load of the structure. Finite element simulation of the member shows that the axial compression deformation mode and the telescoping Period and test results are basically consistent, but the components of the load and energy absorption and test results vary greatly. Single-cap structure in the process of compression and deformation, the weld occurred lateral fracture and longitudinal tear. Among them, the longitudinal tearing leads to the rapid decrease of the carrying capacity of the structure, which is the key factor that affects the overall bearing capacity of the structure.