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目的比较2014年与2010年郑州市7~18岁汉族中小学生身体素质状况,分析其身体素质动态变化趋势,为郑州市制定学校体育卫生工作发展规划、开展学校体育卫生工作提供科学依据。方法采用2014年和2010年全国体质调研郑州市中小学生数据,选取速度素质、力量素质、爆发力素质、耐力素质、柔韧素质等指标进行分析。结果 2014年与2010年相比,7~18岁男生握力、坐位体前屈、立定跳远仅有1~2个年龄组有所提高,其余年龄组均下降。7~12岁(小学阶段)男生速度、耐力、力量水平均有所提高,13~18岁(初、高中阶段)男生速度、耐力、力量均有所下降。7~18岁女生各年龄组仰卧起坐水平均有所提高,握力均有所下降,坐位体前屈、立定跳远水平大多年龄组均下降。7~12岁(小学阶段)50 m跑及800 m跑水平各年龄组均有所升高,13~18岁(初、高中阶段)部分年龄组有所下降。结论 2014年郑州市中小学生部分素质指标较2010年升降趋势有明显学段分化现象,但大部分素质指标依然呈现整体下滑趋势,中小学生身体素质状况依然严峻。
Objective To compare the physical quality of primary and middle school students aged 7-18 in Zhengzhou in 2014 and 2010 with the trend of dynamic changes in physical fitness in order to provide a scientific basis for the development of school sports health planning in Zhengzhou City and the development of physical education in schools. Methods The data of primary and secondary school students in Zhengzhou in 2014 and 2010 were used to analyze the data of speed, strength, explosive, endurance and flexibility. Results In 2014, compared with 2010, boys aged 7-18 years grip strength, seat body flexion, standing long jump only 1-2 age group increased, the rest of the age group decreased. The average speed, endurance and strength of boys aged from 7 to 12 (elementary school) increased. The boys’ speed, endurance and strength decreased from 13 to 18 years old (middle and high school). 7 to 18-year-old girls sit-ups in all age groups have increased levels of grip have declined, sitting body flexion, standing long jump levels in most age groups are declining. The age groups of 7 to 12 years old (elementary school) in 50 m race and 800 m race increased in all age groups, and some age groups of 13 to 18 years old (junior and senior high school) decreased. Conclusion Some of the quality indicators of primary and secondary school students in Zhengzhou in 2014 showed a clear differentiation phenomenon compared with the trend of 2010, but most of the quality indicators still showed an overall downward trend. The physical fitness of primary and middle school students is still grim.