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目的探讨能量限制对环磷酰胺处理大鼠卵巢的保护作用。方法将48只10周龄大鼠随机分为对照组、能量限制组、环磷酰胺组、能量限制加环磷酰胺组。观察各组动物的动情周期,实验结束时称取卵巢重量,并进行卵巢组织形态学观察及卵泡计数,测定血清雌二醇、促黄体生成素、促卵泡生成激素评估卵巢储备功能。结果经环磷酰胺处理的大鼠出现精神萎靡、体重下降、动情周期逐渐消失,卵巢体积缩小,颗粒细胞变性、坏死,各期卵泡数均明显减少,闭锁卵泡数增加(P<0.01)。能量限制组大鼠卵巢的原始卵泡数比对照组明显增多(P<0.01),窦状卵泡数减少(P<0.01)。能量限制加环磷酰胺组的原始卵泡和初级卵泡数比环磷酰胺组明显增多(P<0.01),且卵巢组织受损程度较单用环磷酰胺轻。环磷酰胺处理组大鼠血清雌二醇显著低于对照组和能量限制组,促黄体生成素和促卵泡生成素水平则显著高于对照组和能量限制组(P<0.01)。结论能量限制模型可以抑制原始卵泡的的转化使其数量明显增多,并可以适度减轻化疗造成的结构与功能损伤,使卵巢保留有一定储备功能。
Objective To investigate the protective effects of energy restriction on ovary of cyclophosphamide-treated rats. Methods Forty-eight 10-week-old rats were randomly divided into control group, energy-limited group, cyclophosphamide group, and energy-limited plus cyclophosphamide group. The estrous cycle of each group of animals was observed. At the end of the experiment, ovarian weights were weighed, ovarian histomorphology and follicle count were measured, serum estradiol, luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone were measured to evaluate ovarian reserve function. Results Cyclophosphamide-treated rats showed apathetic, weight loss, disappearance of estrous cycle, ovarian volume reduction, degeneration and necrosis of granulosa cells, number of follicles in each stage and number of atresia follicles (P <0.01). The number of primordial follicles in ovariectomized rats increased significantly (P <0.01) and the number of antral follicles decreased (P <0.01). Compared with cyclophosphamide group, the energy and the number of primary follicles in cyclophosphamide group increased significantly (P <0.01), and the degree of ovarian tissue damage was lower than that of cyclophosphamide alone. Serum estradiol levels in cyclophosphamide-treated rats were significantly lower than those in the control and energy-limited groups, and the levels of luteinizing hormone and follicle-stimulating hormone were significantly higher than those in the control and energy-limited groups (P <0.01). Conclusion The energy restriction model can inhibit the conversion of the primordial follicles to a significant increase in number, and can moderately reduce the structural and functional damage caused by chemotherapy, leaving the ovary to retain some reserve function.