论文部分内容阅读
土壤的团聚状况是土壤重要的物理性质之一,团聚体的数量是衡量和评价土壤肥力的重要指标。施用有机肥是提高土壤有机碳(SOC)含量、促进土壤团聚体形成和改善土壤结构的重要措施。本文以华北地区曲周长期定位试验站的温室土壤和农田土壤为研究对象,运用湿筛法,对比研究施用化肥(NP)、有机肥加少量化肥(NPM)、单施有机肥(OM)3种施肥方式对两种利用方式土壤水稳性团聚体含量、分布和稳定性的差异性影响。结果表明:在温室土壤和农田土壤中,OM处理较NP处理和NPM处理显著降低了土壤容重和增加了土壤有机质含量(P<0.05),而且在0~10 cm土层中效果最为明显。其中在温室土壤0~10 cm土层,单施有机肥处理(OM1)的土壤容重为1.17 g·cm-3,分别较施用化肥(NP1)和有机肥加少量化肥(NPM1)的土壤容重降低了12.0%和8.6%,OM1的土壤有机质含量为54.81 g·kg-1,较NP1和NPM1的土壤有机质增加了104.8%和35.7%;在农田土壤0~10 cm土层,单施有机肥处理(OM2)的土壤容重为1.19g·cm-3,较施用化肥(NP2)、有机肥加少量化肥(NPM2)的土壤容重分别降低了8.5%和7.0%,OM2的土壤有机质为22.67g·kg-1,较NP2、NPM2的土壤有机质分别增加了23.1%和15.0%。温室土壤与农田土壤中0~10 cm、10~20 cm和20~40 cm层土壤团聚体的平均重量直径(MWD)和几何平均直径(GMD)均是OM>NPM>NP;OM处理下水稳性团聚体的分形维数(D)值最低,NP处理下最大。OM处理显著降低0~20 cm土层内水稳性团聚体的D值,表层0~10 cm土层效果最为明显,土壤结构明显得到改善;相比于农田土壤,温室土壤稳定性指标变化最为明显,团聚体结构改善效果最好。土壤有机质含量与>0.25 mm水稳性团聚体含量间呈极显著正相关关系(P<0.001),说明土壤有机质含量越高,>0.25 mm水稳性团聚体的含量就越高,土壤团聚体水稳性越强,土壤结构越稳定。因此有机施肥方式能在补充土壤有机碳库和有效养分含量的同时,显著增加土壤中大团聚体的含量及其水稳性,是提高华北平原农田土壤、尤其是温室土壤结构稳定性和实现土壤可持续发展的有效措施。
Soil reunion status is one of the important physical properties of soils. The number of aggregates is an important index for evaluating and evaluating soil fertility. Application of organic manure is an important measure to increase soil organic carbon (SOC) content, promote the formation of soil aggregates and improve the soil structure. In this paper, the greenhouse soil and farmland soil in Quzhou experimental station located in Quzhou of North China were used as research objects. The wet sieving method was used to compare the application of NP, organic fertilizer with small amount of fertilizer (NPM) and organic fertilizer (OM) 3 Effect of Different Fertilization Methods on Content, Distribution and Stability of Soil Water Stable Aggregates in Two Utilization Ways. The results showed that OM treatment reduced soil bulk density and soil organic matter content significantly (P <0.05), compared with NP treatment and NPM treatment in greenhouse soil and farmland soil, and the effect was the most obvious in 0 ~ 10 cm soil layer. The soil bulk density of OM1 was 1.17 g · cm-3 in 0-10 cm soil layer of greenhouse soil, which was lower than that of NP1 and NPM1, respectively Organic matter content of OM1 was 54.81 g · kg-1, which was 104.8% and 35.7% more than that of NP1 and NPM1. Soil organic matter in 0-10 cm soil layer of OM1 was treated with organic manure alone (OM2) was 1.19g · cm-3, which decreased by 8.5% and 7.0%, respectively, compared with NP2 and organic fertilizer with NPM2. The OM2 soil organic matter was 22.67g · kg-1 -1, which increased by 23.1% and 15.0% respectively compared with NP2 and NPM2. The average weight diameter (MWD) and geometric mean diameter (GMD) of 0-10 cm, 10-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil aggregates in both greenhouse soil and farmland soil were both OM> NPM> NP. The fractal dimension (D) value of sexual aggregates was the lowest, and the highest under NP treatment. OM treatment significantly reduced the D value of water-stable aggregates in 0-20 cm soil layer, the effect of 0-10 cm soil layer was the most obvious and the soil structure was obviously improved. Compared with farmland soil, the soil stability index of greenhouse was the most Obviously, agglomeration structure to improve the best. There was a significant positive correlation (P <0.001) between soil organic matter content and> 0.25 mm water stable aggregates (P <0.001), indicating that the higher soil organic matter content, the higher the content of> 0.25 mm water stable aggregates, The stronger the water stability, the more stable the soil structure. Therefore, organic fertilization can significantly increase the content of large aggregates and their water stability while supplementing the soil organic carbon pool and the effective nutrient content, which is to improve the soil structural stability and soil structure in the North China Plain farmland Effective measures for sustainable development.