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目的探讨近年来郑州市区小儿急性中毒相关因素的变迁及防范措施。方法采用回顾性调查的方法分析,收集整理744例急性中毒患儿的临床资料。结果近5年来小儿急性中毒在年龄构成、毒物种类及中毒方式等方面出现许多新的变化:近5年的356例急性中毒中0～3岁婴幼儿发病率最高,占43.26%;在家中发生中毒者(224例,占62.92%)为主,与前5年相比有统计学意义(χ2=62.14,P=0.001);医源性药物中毒195例,占54.78%,其增长幅度有统计学意义(χ2=60.13,P=0.001));消化道中毒占89.25%。结论医源性药物中毒及在家中发生中毒已成为郑州市区儿童急性中毒的重要因素。加强健康知识宣教,加强毒物及药物的管理,规范药品的使用,合理用药等是小儿急性中毒防治的关键。
Objective To explore the changes and preventive measures of the related factors of acute poisoning in children in Zhengzhou in recent years. Methods The method of retrospective investigation was used to collect and sort out the clinical data of 744 children with acute poisoning. Results There were many new changes in the age composition, poison types and poisoning modes in the past five years. Among the 356 cases of acute poisoning in recent 5 years, the incidence of infants and young children aged 0-3 years was the highest, accounting for 43.26% (224 cases, accounting for 62.92%), compared with the previous 5 years (χ2 = 62.14, P = 0.001); iatrogenic drug poisoning 195 cases, accounting for 54.78%, the growth rate of the statistics Significance of learning (χ2 = 60.13, P = 0.001)); gastrointestinal poisoning accounted for 89.25%. Conclusion Idiopathic drug poisoning and poisoning in the home have become an important factor of children’s acute poisoning in Zhengzhou. Strengthening health knowledge and education, strengthening the management of poisons and drugs, regulating the use of drugs, rational use of drugs is the key to prevention and treatment of acute poisoning in children.