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在中国历史上,宋代的茶叶专卖制度的厘定最为系统而细致。各级统治者根据国家财政的需要与社会经济发展的现状,以及被统治阶级的反应,对茶叶等专卖制度不断进行调整,并针对不同部门,采取不同政策,茶叶专卖制度也处于不断演变的过程中。其演变的关键是制度变迁的成本与收益对比,总的演变态势就是由直接专卖制到间接专卖制,从传统的官产、官运、官卖,由官府独利到官督、商运、商销,官商共利的方向转变,政府的作用日益减小,市场的作用越来越大。
In Chinese history, the system of tea monopoly in the Song Dynasty was most systematically and meticulously determined. In accordance with the needs of the state finance and the status quo of social and economic development, as well as the reaction of the ruling class, the rulers at various levels constantly adjusted the monopoly system such as tea and adopted different policies in response to different departments. The monopoly system of tea is also undergoing an evolving process in. The key to its evolution is the contrast between the costs and benefits of institutional changes. The overall evolutionary trend is from direct monopoly to indirect monopoly. From the traditional official property production to the official property sales, Sales, interests of the government and businessmen in the direction of change, the role of the government diminishing day by day, the role of the market more and more.