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With the size reduction of nanoscale electronic devices,the heat generated by the unit area in integrated circuits will be increasing exponentially,and consequently the thermal management in these devices is a very important issue.In addition,the heat generated by the electronic devices mostly diffuses to the air in the form of waste heat,which makes the thermoelectric energy conversion also an important issue for nowadays.In recent years,the thermal transport properties in nanoscale systems have attracted increasing attention in both experiments and theoretical calculations.In this review,we will discuss various theoretical simulation methods for investigating thermal transport properties and take a glance at several interesting thermal transport phenomena in nanoscale systems.Our emphasizes will lie on the advantage and limitation of calculational method,and the application of nanoscale thermal transport and thermoelectric property.