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目的构建中央空调系统冷却塔水及气溶胶军团菌污染的风险评估指标体系和风险预警模型。方法于2008、2009年的5—9月采集马鞍山市16户宾馆、商场、公共浴室冷却塔水样70份,冷却塔气溶胶样品110份,分别进行军团菌分离培养和嗜肺军团菌mip基因的PCR检测。分析冷却塔水军团菌检出与气溶胶军团菌检出之间的关系,筛选可能影响冷却塔水及气溶胶受军团菌污染的18个现场易测的变量,运用有序结果的累积比数Logistic回归方法构建模型。结果用冷却塔水军团菌分离培养结果(Ty)、冷却塔水军团菌PCR检测结果(Tr)和冷却塔气溶胶中军团菌PCR检测结果(Qr),构建综合评估冷却塔水及气溶胶军团菌污染风险的指标体系。根据三者的不同检测结果,将军团菌污染风险等级划分为4级:无风险、轻度风险、中度风险和高度风险。构建中央空调系统冷却塔水及气溶胶军团菌污染的风险预警模型,模型包括冷却塔水水温、余氯、pH值和气溶胶采集点相对湿度4个变量指标。结论通过现场易测、敏感指标的快速监测,可快速判断冷却塔水及气溶胶军团菌污染的风险等级,模型预测的灵敏度和特异度符合风险预警的要求。
Objective To establish a risk assessment index system and risk early warning model of water pollution in air-conditioners and Legionella pneumophila in central air-conditioning system. Methods From May to September in 2008 and 2009, 70 samples of cooling towers, 70 samples of cooling tower and 110 samples of cooling tower aerosols were collected from 16 hotels, shopping malls and public baths in the city of Ma’anshan respectively. The results showed that Legionella isolates and Legionella pneumophila mip genes PCR detection. The relationship between Legionella pneumophila detected in the cooling tower and detection of Legionella pneumoniae was analyzed and 18 variables that could affect the contamination of the cooling tower water and aerosol by Legionella were screened and the cumulative ratio of the ordered results Logistic regression method to construct model. Results The results of Legionella pneumophila isolation and culture (Ty), Legionella pneumophila PCR (Tr), and Legionella PCR (Qr) in the cooling tower aerosol were used to construct a comprehensive assessment of the cooling tower water and Aerosol Corps Indicators of bacterial contamination risk. According to the results of the three tests, the risk of Legionella contamination was divided into four levels: no risk, mild risk, moderate risk and high risk. The risk early warning model of water pollution in air-conditioners and aerosol Legionella contamination in central air-conditioning system is established. The model includes four variables of water temperature, residual chlorine, pH value and relative humidity of aerosol collection point. Conclusion The risk level of water contamination and aerosol Legionella contamination in cooling tower can be rapidly determined by field test and rapid monitoring of sensitive indicators. The sensitivity and specificity of model prediction are consistent with the requirements of risk warning.