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学生对读物的考查题目往往就事论事,只限于对一词一句或一段的孤立理解,以致出现错误。究其原因,主要是缺乏整体阅读意识。系统论的整体原理认为整体不等于各局部的简单相加,而是大于各局部之和。只有对读物从宏观上把握整体意义,在整体意义统率下剖析各局部内容,最后综合升华,才能作出准确的判断。一、宏观把握初接触读物,首先要注意读物正文之外的一些信息材料,如预习(自读)提示、有关注解、文后习题等。再调动自己平时积累的有关知识,了解作者情况、写作背景、文章体裁等,这时便对读物在宏观上有了总体认识。然后速读,把握作品思路、表达特点、语言风格等,这便在整体上对读物有了一个总的印象。此时,对于有些问题,尤其是《考试说明》中“能把握分析作者在文中表现的观点和态度”一类问题,便可解决或为解决划定了范围。如1991年高考试题,读物是《世间最美的坟墓》,其中有一题问:“作者(在文中)为什么说‘特殊的日
The question of students’ examination of the books is often discussed on the matter. It is limited to the isolated understanding of a word or a paragraph, resulting in errors. The reason is mainly the lack of overall reading awareness. The overall theory of system theory considers that the whole is not equal to the simple addition of parts, but is greater than the sum of parts. Only by grasping the overall significance of the book from the macro perspective, analyzing the local content under the overall meaning of the command, and finally comprehensively sublimating, can we make an accurate judgment. First, a macro grasp of the initial exposure to books, we must first pay attention to the reading of the text outside the body of some of the information, such as pre-reading (self-reading) tips, attention to solutions, after-school exercises. Then he mobilized the relevant knowledge he had accumulated at ordinary times and understood the author’s situation, writing background, and genre of the article. At this time, he had a general understanding of the books on a macro level. Then speed reading, grasping the idea of work, expression characteristics, language style, etc., this will have a general impression on the reading. At this time, for some problems, especially in the ”exam description“, ”to grasp the analysis of the author’s point of view and attitude expressed in the text,“ a class of problems can be resolved or set aside for the solution. Such as the 1991 exam questions, the book is ”the most beautiful grave in the world,“ and there is a question asked: ”The author (in the text) why ‘special day’