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1917年俄国十月革命改变了旧的中俄关系。新建的苏俄政府为改善其外交环境,先后发表几次对华宣言,许诺放弃俄国旧政府在中国攫取的特权与利益,并几次派代表团使华,谋求与中国建立正式的外交关系。列强对中苏接触进行了干涉,中国国内政局变化及内部分歧,苏俄对华态度逐渐改变,都使中苏建交历经曲折。至1924年5月,中苏两国签定协定,正式建立外交关系。中国收回了被旧俄侵夺的部分主权与利权,但是有些问题因错失交涉的最佳时机而留下遗憾。
The October Revolution in 1917 in Russia changed the old Sino-Russian relations. In order to improve its diplomatic environment, the new Soviet government promulgated several declarations to China promised to abandon the prerogatives and interests seized by the old Russian government in China and sent several delegations to China to establish formal diplomatic relations with China. The powers intervened in their contacts with China and the Soviet Union. The political and internal differences in China and their gradual change in attitude toward China have all along complicated the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the Soviet Union. By May 1924, China and the Soviet Union signed agreements to formally establish diplomatic relations. China has reclaimed some of the sovereignty and the right to be infringed by the old Russia, but some have left regret for missing the best time for negotiation.