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用整群抽样的方法调查了湖南省城乡两地区１０００户１５岁以上居民饮酒、吸烟情况，其中男１１７９（４９．６％）人，女１１９９（５０．４％）人。平均年龄男女分别４１．２岁（ＳＤ＝１７．５）和４３．４（８９＝１８．６）。结果表明，饮酒率男性为５７．５％，女性为１７．３％。吸烟率男女分别为６８．２％和１１．７％，男性饮酒、吸烟量高于女性。男性饮酒、吸烟者的年龄及受教育的年限与男性总体差异不显著，而女性饮酒、吸烟者的年龄较女性总体高、受教育年限低，差异有显著性。外界环境的影响是制约女性不饮酒、不吸烟的主要因素，担心健康是制约男性不饮酒不吸烟的主要因素。男性更倾向于把饮酒、吸烟作为社交手段，及改变情绪的一种方式。受试者对男性饮酒、吸烟较为宽容，而对女性饮酒、吸烟特别是吸烟持普遍不赞许的态度，作者从社会文化、社会心理的角度讨论了影响男女饮酒、吸烟率的因素。
The method of cluster sampling was used to investigate the drinking and smoking of 1000 households over the age of 15 in both urban and rural areas of Hunan Province, including 1179 (49.6%) males and 1199 (50.4%) females. The average age for men and women was 41.2 years (SD=17.5) and 43.4 (89=18.6), respectively. The results showed that the drinking rate was 57.5% for men and 17.3% for women. The smoking rate was 68.2% for men and 11.7% for men and women. Women consumed more alcohol than women. There was no significant difference in male drinking, smoker’s age, and years of education with males. However, women’s alcohol and smokers’ ages were generally higher than women’s and their educational years were low. The difference was significant. The influence of the external environment is the main factor restricting women from drinking or smoking, and worrying about health is the main factor restricting men from drinking or smoking. Men are more inclined to use alcohol, smoking as a social means, and a way to change their mood. Subjects were more tolerant of alcohol consumption and smoking among men, and generally disapproved of women’s drinking and smoking, especially smoking. The authors discussed factors affecting men and women’s drinking and smoking rates from the perspective of social culture and social psychology.