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竹类植物属于禾本科中的竹亚科,全世界有一千多种。中国是世界上竹子分布最广、种类最多的国家之一,竹林总面积约340万公顷,竹类植物有30多个属,400多种和亚种。 众所周知,竹子的寿命为几年、几十年甚至上百年,但大多数竹种一生中只开花结果一次,结实后植株便枯萎死亡。由于竹子的果实并不常见,因此关于其形态,一般读者知道的不多。本文仅就笔者的认识谈谈竹类果实的多样性。 在禾本科中,禾亚科植物的果实比较单纯,几乎全为颖果,仅有极少例外者,如鼠尾粟属和穇属等果皮和种皮分离为囊果。然而,在竹亚科中果实的大小、形状、颜色、果皮与种皮是否粘合,甚至果实的类型等,却是多种多样的。
Bamboo belongs to the family of bamboo subfamily Branch, there are more than a thousand kinds of the world. China is one of the countries with the most widely distributed and most diverse species of bamboo in the world. The total area of bamboo forests is about 3.4 million hectares. There are more than 30 genera, more than 400 species of bamboo and subspecies of bamboo. As we all know, the life of bamboo is a few years, decades or even hundreds of years, but most of the bamboo species only flowering once in life, after the plants wilt died. Because the fruits of bamboo are uncommon, so readers generally know little about their morphology. This article only on the author’s knowledge about the diversity of bamboo fruit. In grasses, the fruit of the subfamily plants is relatively simple, almost entirely caryopseous, with few exceptions such as the separation of the pericarp and seed coat of the genus Pinus and the genus Selaginella. However, the size, shape, color, peel and seed coat adhesion, and even the type of fruit in the bamboo subfamily are varied.