论文部分内容阅读
20世纪70年代,美国经济全面走向低谷。能源危机、通货膨胀、经济衰退交织在一起令美国人在忧心忡忡之中迷失了方向。目睹了卡特时期政策的摇摆不定,罗纳德·里根在1980年大选中发人深省地问道:“在你们决定选谁之前,不妨扪心自问,今天的生活是否比四年前更好?”这个答案明显为“不”的问句意味着挽救经济危难并推动社会改革的历时40年的罗斯福秩序的终结。而跃居经济政策舞台中心的新秩序是保守主义的主张,即对“更少”的要求——更少的政府支出,更少的赋税,更少的赤字,更少的货币扩充,简而言之,更少的政府干预。从新秩序的亮相到新经济的启动,20年间美国经济的巨大增长举世瞩目,但这并非表明保守主义将成为今后一个时期美国经济政策的主打旋律。毕竟,经济学家们对于美国经济何去何从的讨论习惯于英雄所见不同,所以最终决策常常在举棋不定之间由权势最大的利益集团跟着感觉拍板敲定。
In the 1970s, the economy of the United States went all-round low. The combination of the energy crisis, inflation and recession have made the Americans lose their way amid worries. Witnessing the chaotic policy of the Carter era, Ronald Reagan thought-provokingly in the 1980 election: “Before you decide who to choose, you might as well ask yourself if life today is better than four years ago.” The question, with the obvious “no” answer, means the end of the 40-year-old Roosevelt’s administration that saved the economic crisis and promoted social reform. And the new order that leaps to the center of economic policy is the conservative doctrine that “less” demands - less government spending, less taxes, fewer deficits, less money to expand, In short, less government intervention. From the unveiling of the new order to the launching of a new economy, the tremendous growth of the U.S. economy has drawn worldwide attention in the past 20 years, but this does not mean that conservatism will become the main melody of U.S. economic policies in the coming period. After all, economists’ discussions of where the U.S. economy is going to go by are often seen by heroes, so the ultimate decision-making is often finalized by the most powerful interests along the lines of uncertainty.