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解决问题能力是思维能力的核心。奥苏伯尔和鲁宾逊的有意义学习六级水平中,解决问题为第五级,仅低于“创造性”。他们认为在解决问题的过程中,要把已掌握的简单规则重新组合,对已知命题进行“非直接”(或没有固定程序的)转化。转化的程序受“一般策略”的指导。如果缺乏有效的“一般策略”作指导,那么在对已掌握的简单规则进行“重新组合”时,就会产生“几何爆炸”问题,即构成一个成“指数增长”的很大的问题空间,在其中很难进行彻底的搜索。因此,人在解决复杂问题时,必须进行启发式搜索。本研究力图通过优等生和中等生解题思路的比较来探索解决几何问题的有效的启发式搜索策略。
Problem solving is at the core of thinking ability. Ausubel and Robinson meaningful learning six levels, to solve the problem for the fifth level, only lower than the “creative.” They think that in solving the problem, it is necessary to recombine the simple rules already in place and transform the known proposition into “indirect” (or without fixed procedures). The conversion process is guided by “general strategy.” Without an effective “general strategy” as a guide, the “geometric explosion” of generating simple rules that have been mastered creates a large problem space of “exponential growth” In which it is difficult to conduct a thorough search. Therefore, when solving complex problems, people must carry out heuristic search. This study tries to explore effective heuristic search strategies that solve geometric problems by comparing the thinking of the top students with that of the middle students.