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本文基于语法功能(主语、谓语、宾语等)体现在语法结构(主谓结构、述宾结构等)之中的理念,通过一系列由格式变换(替换提问、正反提问、是否提问、选择提问、方式提问、指代回答、回答疑问、否定表达、存在否定、名词化表达、修饰化表达、语气词插入、时体助词插人、关联词语插入、“得/不”插入、“得/不”删除、性状易位、性状判断、核心替代等)组成的形式测试,来建立判定现代汉语中主谓结构、述宾结构、述补结构和偏正结构等语法结构类型的标准,从而间接地定义了主语、宾语、谓语、述语、补语、定语和状语等句法成分。
This article is based on the idea of grammatical functions (subject, predicate, object, etc.) embodied in grammatical structures (subject-predicate structure, discourse structure, etc.) through a series of transformations from formatting (replacing questions, asking questions, asking questions, , The method of asking questions, referring to the answer, answering questions, negating the expression, the existence of negation, the nominal expression, the modified expression, the modal phrase insertion, the tense phrase insertion, the related word insertion, Deleted, Trait Translocation, Trait Judgment, Core Substitution, etc.) to establish the criteria for judging the types of grammatical structures in modern Chinese, such as the subject-predicate structure, the discourse structure, the complement structure, and the partial structure , Thus indirectly defining the syntactic components of subject, object, predicate, predicate, complement, attributive and adverbial.