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把人造地球卫星发射到同步轨道,送入“静止”位置,进行全球通信是一门新兴的通信技术。自从1965年4月第一颗同步通信卫星——“晨鸟”投入使用至今已有十多年的历史了,由于通信卫星具有通信容量大,覆盖面积广、传输距离远、通信质量好、可靠性高、机动性好以及成本低等优点,引起各国重视,都竞相发展卫星通信事业。把卫星送入同步轨道要有很高的技术水平,到目前为止只有美国、苏联和日本等三个国家靠自己的力量成功地发射了同步卫星。据估计世界上已发射成功的同步卫星有九十多颗,其中还有四十多颗正在运行中,其中不少是用于商业通信的。目前参加国际通信卫星组织的已有一百多个国家或地区,它担负了一半以上国际电话电报业务以及全球性电视广播,形成一个全球性电话及电视通信网。
It is an emerging communication technology to launch artificial geostationary satellites into geostationary orbit and send them into a “stationary” position for global communications. Since April 1965, the first synchronous communications satellite, “Morning Bird”, has been in use for more than ten years. Since communications satellites have the advantages of large communication capacity, wide coverage area, long transmission distance, good communication quality and reliability High sex, good maneuverability and low cost, arousing the attention of all countries, are competing to develop satellite communications. Sending satellites into orbit has a high technological level. So far only three countries, including the United States, the Soviet Union and Japan, have successfully launched geostationary satellites on their own. It is estimated that there are over 90 synchronized satellites in the world that have been successfully launched, among which more than 40 are still in operation, many of which are for commercial communications. More than a hundred countries or regions currently participating in Intelsat have more than half of the international telephone and telegraph services and global television broadcasts forming a global network of telephone and television networks.