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湘西土家族丧葬仪式,广泛流传于成清江、酉水、澧水三大水系的土家聚集地,是土家族在长期的历史演变过程中形成的传统民俗之一。它以道教的文化内涵为基础,结合了佛教度化亡灵的思想,加之当地巫傩文化做为补充,独树一帜的屹立在湘鄂川黔毗连的武陵山片区。本文以湘西龙山县坡脚乡开路仪式为例,对丧葬仪式的历史发展、仪式环节以及开路仪式的音乐特征进行阐述。
Tujia funeral ceremony in western Hunan is widely spread in Tujia gathering place of three major river systems of Qingjiang River, Youshui River and Huangshui River. It is one of the traditional folk customs formed by Tujia in long-term historical evolution. It is based on Taoist cultural connotation, combining the idea of the degree of Buddhism of the dead, combined with the local witch-hua culture as a supplement, unique stands in Hunan, Hubei, Sichuan and Guizhou adjacent Wuling Mountain Area. Taking the open footing ceremony at Pojiao Township, Longshan County, Western Hunan as an example, this paper expounds the historical development of ceremonial funeral ceremonies, the rituals and the music features of the opening ceremony.