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1978年7月美国费城退伍军人大会期间,与会人员及附近的居民中,发生以发热、寒战胸痛,呼吸困难和腹泻为主的病人221例,死亡34例,病死率15.4％。当时认为可能是通过空气传播的,便以会议名称命名为退伍军人病或军团菌病(Legionnaies’ disease,LD)。半年后,Mc Dade等人,从4例死于LD的患者肺组织中分离出新鉴定的革兰氏阴性杆菌,并经间接荧光抗体法(IFA)证明了该菌是LD的病原体。后在1978年首届LD国际学术会议上命名为嗜肺军团菌(LegMnella Pneumophilia,Lp)。10余年来对本病的认识不断深入,目前认为它是一种急性呼吸道传染病。有关文献综述如下:
In July 1978, during the veterans’ general meeting in Philadelphia, 221 participating patients and nearby residents suffered from fever, chills, difficulty breathing and diarrhea. Of the 221 patients, 34 died and the case fatality rate was 15.4%. At that time it was thought to be airborne and named Legionnaires’ disease (LD) under the name of the meeting. Six months later, McDade et al. Isolated newly identified Gram-negative bacilli from the lungs of four patients who died of LD and confirmed the pathogen of LD by indirect fluorescent antibody (IFA). Later in 1978, the first LD International Conference named Legionella pneumophila (LegMnella Pneumophilia, Lp). More than 10 years of understanding of the disease continue to deepen, now that it is an acute respiratory disease. The relevant literature is summarized as follows: