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以免耕平作为对照,研究不同垄作覆盖模式对夏玉米耕层土壤含水量、干物质积累与分配以及产量的影响效应。结果表明,垄作和覆盖栽培的保水效果在玉米生育后期尤其是干旱时更为显著。相同条件下宽窄行垄作栽培处理的增产效果明显优于等行距垄作处理,无覆盖条件下等行距垄作处理的实际产量较平作处理提高0.5%,宽窄行垄作处理提高8.91%;覆盖条件下等行距垄作处理与宽窄行垄作处理的实际产量较平作处理分别提高3.62%和11.59%。相关及通径分析表明,子粒实际产量与开花至成熟期耕层土壤平均含水量、大喇叭口期叶片干重以及成熟期叶片干重呈显著正相关。提高开花至成熟期耕层土壤平均含水量、降低开花期茎鞘干重、促进叶片的干物质积累是垄作覆盖模式下玉米获得高子粒产量的主要原因。
In order to avoid tillering, the effects of different ridge covering patterns on soil moisture content, dry matter accumulation and distribution and yield of summer maize tiller were studied. The results showed that the water retention effect of ridge cultivation and mulching cultivation was more significant in late maize growth, especially in drought. Under the same conditions, the yield increase effect of width row and ridge cultivation was obviously better than that of row spacing ridge. The actual yield of row spacing ridge rowing without covering was increased by 0.5% and the width and width row ridge treatment increased by 8.91% The actual output of ridge-rowing and wide-width row-ridge-furrowing treatments increased by 3.62% and 11.59% respectively compared with the average yield. Correlation and path analysis showed that there was a significant positive correlation between the actual grain yield and average soil moisture per unit area at flowering to maturity, leaf dry weight at boll stage and dry weight at mature stage. Increasing the average soil water content from tillering to maturity stage, reducing stem-sheath dry weight at flowering stage and promoting leaf dry matter accumulation were the main reasons for high-yielding grain yield of maize under ridge-covering mode.