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遮荫是对玉米生长期间持续阴天寡照的一种模拟,可明显改变玉米的生长环境,限制营养器官和生殖器官发育。遮荫造成叶片出生速度延缓,比叶面积增加,光合性能变差,光合生产能力降低,使雌穗数目减少,雄花退化,雌雄间隔期拉长,结实性下降甚至出现空株。根据近年来国内外玉米遮荫的研究成果,分析遮荫胁迫对玉米形态、生长发育、光合作用、生理特性及产量的影响,探讨玉米遮荫研究方面存在的问题及今后的研究方向。
Shading is a simulation of the persistence of cloudy days during maize growth and can significantly alter the growth environment of maize and limit the development of vegetative and reproductive organs. Shade caused the leaves to slow down the growth rate, specific leaf area increased, photosynthetic deterioration, reduced photosynthetic capacity, so that the reduction in the number of ears, male flowers degeneration, interval between male and female elongated, decreased or empty stubble. According to the research results of maize shading at home and abroad in recent years, the effects of shade stress on the morphological, growth, photosynthesis, physiological characteristics and yield of maize were analyzed. The problems existing in maize shading research and the future research directions were also discussed.