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目的调查分析江西省燃煤污染型氟中毒病区氟化物的来源,为制定防治措施提供理论依据。方法对调查地区8~12岁儿童采用Dean法进行氟斑牙普查,并采集调查地区饮用水、地表水、室内外空气、食物(大米)、煤、粘土进行氟含量的测定。结果 8~12岁儿童病区村氟斑牙检出率为34.12%(58/170),非病区村氟斑牙检出率为10.05%(37/368),病区村与非病区村氟斑牙检出率差异有统计学意义(Ⅹ2=44.67,P<0.001)。8~12岁儿童病区村尿氟含量几何均数为1.07 mg/L,非病区村为0.74 mg/L,差异有统计学意义(t=3.71,P<0.001)。病区村室内空气平均氟含量为0.056 mg/m3,而非病区村为0.015 mg/m3,且病区村室内空气氟含量高于非病区村(t=2.33,P=0.031)。病区村的原煤、蜂窝煤、拌煤粘土平均氟含量分别为296.08 mg/kg、327.11 mg/kg、935.56 mg/kg,拌煤粘土氟含量最高达1 350.00 mg/kg,病区村原煤、蜂窝煤、拌煤粘土的氟含量高于非病区村,差异均有统计学意义(均有P<0.05)。结论江西省燃煤污染型氟中毒病区氟源主要是煤和拌煤粘土。
Objective To investigate and analyze the sources of fluoride in the coal-burning fluorosis poisoning area in Jiangxi Province and provide a theoretical basis for the formulation of prevention and control measures. Methods The dentifrice of dental fluorosis was performed by Dean method in children aged 8-12 years in the survey area. The drinking water, surface water, indoor and outdoor air, food (rice), coal and clay in the survey area were collected to determine the fluoride content. Results The detection rate of dental fluorosis in the children aged 8 ~ 12 years was 34.12% (58/170), and the rate of dental fluorosis in the non-endemic area was 10.05% (37/368) The detection rate of dental fluorosis was statistically significant (Ⅹ 2 = 44.67, P <0.001). The geometric mean urinary fluoride content of children aged 8-12 years was 1.07 mg / L and 0.74 mg / L in the non-endemic area. The difference was statistically significant (t = 3.71, P <0.001). The average fluoride content in indoor air of ward villages was 0.056 mg / m3, while that in non-ward areas was 0.015 mg / m3. The fluoride content in indoor air of ward villages was higher than that in non-ward villages (t = 2.33, P = 0.031). The average fluorine contents of raw coal, briquette coal and mixed coal in ward villages were 296.08 mg / kg, 327.11 mg / kg and 935.56 mg / kg, respectively, and the highest content of fluorine in mixed clay was 1 350.00 mg / kg. , And the content of fluorine in mixed clay was higher than that in non-ward area (all P <0.05). Conclusions The fluorine sources in coal-burning fluorosis poisoning area in Jiangxi Province are mainly coal and coal blending clay.