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恩格尔(Evnest. Engel,1821—1896)是十九世纪德国著名的统计学家,曾先后担任萨克森和普鲁士邦的统计局长。他在长期的统计实践中,得出了“一个家庭收入越少,家庭总支出中用于购买食物的支出比重就越大”的结论,这一观点反映了消费结构中的数量关系,具有普遍的规定性,因此,被人们称为恩格尔定律。食品支出与总支出的比被称为恩格尔系数,用公式表示为: 恩格尔系数=食物支出额/消费支出额 联合国国际粮农组织运用恩格尔系数制定了衡量社会进步和人民生活发展提高的四个阶段的划分标准,即恩格尔系数在60％以上为贫
Evgen. Engel (1821-1896) was a famous German statistician in the XIX century, having served as the chief statistical officer in Saxony and Prussia. In the long run of statistical practice, he came to the conclusion that “the less a family earns, the greater the proportion of the total family expenditure spent on the purchase of food,” which reflects the quantitative relationship in the consumption structure and is prevalent Therefore, it is known as the Engel’s law. The ratio of food expenditure to total expenditure is called the Engel’s coefficient and is formulated as: Engel’s Coefficient = Food Expenditure / Consumption Expenditure The UN Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) uses the Engel’s Coefficient to develop a four-stage measure of social progress and improvement of people’s lives Divide the standard, that is, the Engel coefficient above 60% is poor