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警察危险知觉是警察个体对现场情境中潜在危险的识别、评估和反应的能力。个体对危险识别包括皮层通路和皮层下通路两条神经通路。皮层下通路能够快速、粗略觉察危险,详细、准确知觉这一信息还依赖皮层通路的进一步加工。当个体识别危险后启动初级评估,如感知到该危险威胁程度较高,继而进入次级评估;当其超出了自身消除威胁的能力范围时,个体只有转向控制自己的焦虑、恐惧等情绪,在行为上表现为消极应对或者无能力应对状态。反应是警察个体行使武力裁量权的体现,主要涉及反应速度和反应时机。缩短反应滞后间隔或已成为警察个体应对“突然性”暴力攻击时最快速最直接的路径。暴力攻击的强制周期则提示,适当的时机行使武力裁量权才更规范更有效。
Police risk perception is the ability of individual police officers to identify, assess and respond to potential hazards in situ situations. Individual risk identification includes two neural pathways, the cortical pathway and the subcortical pathway. Subcortical access can quickly and roughly detect the danger, and detailed and accurate perception of this information also depends on the further processing of the cortical access. When the individual starts the primary assessment after it recognizes the danger, if the risk is perceived to be high, then it enters the secondary assessment. When it goes beyond its ability to eliminate the threat, the individual turns to control his own anxiety, fear and other emotions. Behaviorally manifested as a negative coping or incapable coping state. The reaction is a manifestation of the discretion of the police in exercising the force of force, which mainly relates to the reaction speed and the reaction timing. Shortened response lag intervals or have become the fastest and most direct path for individual police response to “sudden” violence. The mandatory periodicity of violent attacks suggests that exercising the discretion of force at the appropriate time is more effective and more standard.