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巴西: 从60年代开始,巴西经济经历了曲折的发展过程。60至70年代,巴西经济高速增长,曾被誉为“巴西奇迹”。80年代,巴西经济陷入衰退,物价飞涨,债务剧增,1989年巴西公共外债达到1150亿美元。90年代,巴西向外向型市场经济模式转轨,吸引了大量外资,经济出现增长势头。1994年实施的雷亚尔货币稳定计划,使通涨率从四位数降至一位数,1998年只有1.78%。但是,由于政府在制订宏观经济政策和时外开放过程中缺乏配套措施,外贸收支从顺差转为逆差,
Brazil: Brazil’s economy has experienced a tortuous course of development since the 1960s. From the 1960s to the 1970s, Brazil enjoyed rapid economic growth and was praised as “the miracle of Brazil.” In the 1980s, the Brazilian economy was in a recession, prices soared and its debt soared. In 1989, Brazil’s public external debt reached 115 billion U.S. dollars. In the 1990s, Brazil’s transition to a market-oriented export-oriented economy attracted a large amount of foreign investment and its economy grew. The real currency stabilization plan implemented in 1994, which reduced the inflation rate from single digits to single digits, was only 1.78% in 1998. However, as the government lacks complementary measures in the process of formulating macroeconomic policies and opening up to the outside world, the balance of payments in foreign trade has shifted from surplus to deficit,