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晋西地处黄河中游的东部,属于中华民族古老黄河文化发祥地的腹部地区。晋西的历史文化底蕴深厚,至今仍保留着一些古朴的民俗,其中古老的禁忌文化仍在民间呈现着纷繁的态势。本文拟就语言禁忌一项做初步的展示。 1.称谓禁忌 1.1 起名的禁忌 晋西在给孩子起名字的时候,有一条严格的禁忌,禁忌孩子的名字与长辈的名字同字。同音(包括近音)。 分析这条禁忌条例的用意,大约有两方面的内容。其一,如果同字、同音,就有直呼长辈名字的嫌疑,而直呼长辈名字是犯忌的。其二,是从名字上显示辈份的需要。晋西把名字中用相同的字叫做“名字相跟着呢”,而“相跟”只能是同辈人才可以的,从名字上显示辈份,在新中国成立之前似乎直很严格。调查资料显示,本世纪四十年代以前出牛的人大名中大多有“辈份字”如:李锦云、李上云、李添云、李花云,弟兄四人,乃是“云”字辈。
Located in the eastern part of the middle reaches of the Yellow River, western Shanxi lies in the abdomen of the birthplace of the ancient Yellow River culture of the Chinese nation. The rich historical and cultural background of West Shanxi still retains some ancient folk customs. Among them, the ancient taboo culture is still showing numerous trends in the folk. This article intends to do a preliminary demonstration of language taboo. 1. Title taboo 1.1 Named taboos In the name of the child when the West Shanxi, there is a strict taboo, taboo child’s name and the elder’s name with the word. Homophones (including near sounds). Analysis of the purpose of this taboo Ordinance, there are about two aspects. First, if the same word, homonym, there is suspicion of direct-call elders, and the direct call elder name is a guilty conscience. Second, the need to show seniority from the name. Jinxi used the same name in his name as “name followed,” while “heresy” can only be used by peers. Displaying his seniority from his name appears to be very straightforward until the founding of new China. According to the survey data, most of the names of cattle who emerged before the 1940s include “generation words” such as Li Jinyun, Li Shangyun, Li Tianyun, Li Huayun and their brothers.