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在150例中国成年颅骨标本上,对组成骨性外鼻的各个部分作了观测:1.鼻根部:由额骨鼻部及鼻骨上端组成,为额鼻管的前壁,厚度平均为8.08±0.11 mm。2.鼻骨:左、右多不对称,144例(96.00％)两侧鼻骨均为长方形;4例(2.67％)两侧均为三角形;2例(1.33％)左侧为三角形,右侧为长方形。测量了鼻骨的长、宽及厚度。3.上颌骨额突:分上、中、下三段观测。(1)上段位于筛前窦的前方,为筛窦手术鼻腔外入路的通道,其宽度平均为8.45±0.06mm;厚度平均为5.72±0.09mm。(2)中段为泪囊鼻腔造孔术需要凿通的部位。此段鼻部宽平均为6.77±0.05mm;泪囊窝部宽平均为4.97±0.04mm;厚度平均为4.68±0.08mm。(3)下段的前外侧面有鼻面沟,沟底为骨性外鼻与面部的分界,亦为在骨性外鼻上作外侧骨切除的重要标志。从沟底到梨状孔缘鼻颌缝下端间的宽度,平均为8.16±0.04mm;厚度平均为1.70±0.02mm。4.梨状孔缘:上部为鼻骨下缘,与上外侧鼻软骨的上缘相接;侧部为上颌骨鼻切迹的游离缘,其与鼻腔侧壁的分界为下鼻甲骨的前端。此缘到下鼻甲骨前端的宽度平均为2.62±0.07mm。对梨状孔下缘及前鼻棘,依照人类学分型原则作了观察,并讨论了它们的临床意义。
In 150 Chinese adult skull specimens, the composition of the various parts of the bony external nose were observed: 1. The root of the nose: the frontal and nasal bones of the nasal bones, the front wall of the amount of frontalis nose, the average thickness of 8.08 ± 0.11 mm. Nasal bone: the left and right are asymmetric, 144 cases (96.00%) on both sides of the nasal bone are rectangular; 4 cases (2.67%) on both sides of the triangle; 2 cases (1.33% rectangle. The length, width and thickness of the nasal bone were measured. 3. The amount of maxillary bumps: points on the middle and lower three observations. (1) The upper part is located in front of the anterior ethmoid sinus, which is the passage of nasal cavity for ethmoidal sinus surgery. The average width is 8.45 ± 0.06mm and the average thickness is 5.72 ± 0.09mm. (2) The middle of the dacryocystorhinostomy need to dig through the site. The average width of the nose was 6.77 ± 0.05mm; the average width of lacrimal sac was 4.97 ± 0.04mm; the average thickness was 4.68 ± 0.08mm. (3) The anterior lateral surface of the lower segment has nasal ditch, the bottom of the ditch is the demarcation between the bony external nose and the face, and is also an important sign for the lateral bone resection on the bony external nose. The width from the ditch to the bottom of the pear-shaped hole was 8.16 ± 0.04 mm on average and 1.70 ± 0.02 mm on average. 4 pear-shaped hole edge: the lower part of the lower edge of the nasal bone, and the upper outer edge of the nasal cartilage connected; side of the free edge of the maxillary nasal notch, the nasal cavity and the border between the front of the inferior turbinate bone. This margin to the average width of the inferior turbinate anterior 2.62 ± 0.07mm. The lower edge of pear-shaped hole and anterior nasal spines were observed according to the principle of anthropological classification and their clinical significance was discussed.