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目的:探讨儿童弱视患病的主要危险因素。方法:采用1∶1配比的病例对照研究方法,对新诊断的60例弱视儿童及与病例同性别、同居住地区、年龄相差±0.5岁以内的60名健康儿童进行调查。应用条件Logistic回归分析方法分析先天因素、后天环境状况及营养因素等对弱视患病的影响。结果:单因素分析结果显示,父亲生育年龄高(OR=1.113)、孕次多(OR=1.542)、儿童常居环境采光差(OR=6.500)、儿童发钙水平高(OR=1.005)、儿童发镁含量高(OR=1.041)和儿童BMI大(OR=1.961)均可增加儿童患弱视的危险性;而父母亲学历高(OR=0.507;OR=0.624)、母亲孕期少食甜食(OR=0.560)和儿童身高高(OR=0.904)则可降低患弱视危险。进一步的多因素回归分析显示,母亲孕次多(OR=1.987)、儿童常居环境采光差(OR=15.80)、儿童发钙含量高(OR=1.010)和儿童BMI高(OR=2.170)是弱视患病的主要危险因素。结论:儿童弱视患病受多因素影响,母亲孕次多、儿童的常居环境采光差、发钙高及BMI高可增加儿童弱视患视的危险,即先天发育环境、后天光视觉环境和儿童营养状况共同影响弱视发生。
Objective: To explore the main risk factors of amblyopia in children. Methods: A case-control study was conducted on 60 newly diagnosed children with amblyopia and 60 healthy children under the age of ± 0.5 years with the same sex, same-living area and age. Logistic regression analysis was used to analyze the effects of congenital factors, acquired environmental conditions and nutritional factors on the patients with amblyopia. Results: The results of univariate analysis showed that the father had a high birthrate (OR = 1.113), multiple pregnancies (OR = 1.542), poor ambient lighting (OR = 6.500) and high calcium (OR = 1.005) Children with high magnesium content (OR = 1.041) and children with large BMI (OR = 1.961) increased the risk of amblyopia in their children. However, their parents had a high degree of education (OR = 0.507; OR = 0.624) = 0.560) and children with higher height (OR = 0.904) can reduce the risk of amblyopia. Further multivariate regression analysis showed that there was a significant difference in the number of mothers with multiple pregnancies (OR = 1.987), poor ambient light (OR = 15.80), children with high calcium (OR = 1.010) and children with high BMI The main risk factors for amblyopia. CONCLUSIONS: The prevalence of amblyopia in children is affected by many factors, such as the frequent occurrence of mother’s multiple pregnancies, poor habitat of children’s living environment, high calcium and high BMI, which may increase the risk of amblyopia in children, namely, the congenital developmental environment, acquired light visual environment and children’s Nutritional conditions affect the occurrence of amblyopia.