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目的了解河北省唐山市、廊坊市文安县、承德市双塔区城乡居民膳食质量和居民膳食营养状况,为相关部门制定政策提供科学依据。方法应用总膳食研究的方法对河北省部分城乡居民的膳食组成及15种营养素(碳水化合物、蛋白质、脂肪、膳食纤维、胆固醇、维生素A、硫胺素、核黄素、尼克酸、维生素C、钙、铁、锌、硒、钠)进行回顾性评价分析。结果食物消费总量及蔬菜、豆类消费城乡大致相当,谷类、饮水、调味品摄入量农村高于城市,其他各种食物消费量均是城市高于农村,城乡代表性膳食组成仍以粮谷类和蔬菜等植物性为主;城乡动物性食品单调,以猪肉为代表的肉类消费分别占城乡居民动物性食物消费总量的82.5%和47.1%;城乡居民的平均豆类、乳类、饮水摄入量显著低于中国居民膳食指南推荐摄入量(RNI),酒类、油脂、盐摄入量明显超过RNI,农村居民豆类、肉类、水产类摄入量严重不足;城乡居民平均热能的摄入量分别达RNI的94.8%、88.7%和90.7%,蛋白质分别达到RNI的109.3%、72%和84.5%;维生素C、铁、钠摄入量充足,但也存在城乡居民平均维生素A、核黄素、硫胺素、钙、锌、硒摄入不足及城市居民脂肪摄入过量,农村居民蛋白质摄入不足和质量较差的问题。结论河北省部分地区调查点城乡居民膳食结构不合理,营养素摄入不平衡,有计划地开展人群膳食营养指导十分必要。
Objective To understand the dietary quality and dietary nutrition of urban and rural residents in Tangshan City of Hebei Province, Wen’an County of Langfang City and Shuangta District of Chengde City, and provide a scientific basis for the formulation of policies by relevant departments. Methods The dietary composition of 15 urban and rural residents in Hebei Province and the distribution of 15 nutrients (carbohydrates, protein, fat, dietary fiber, cholesterol, vitamin A, thiamine, riboflavin, niacin, Calcium, iron, zinc, selenium, sodium) were retrospectively evaluated. Results The total consumption of food and vegetables, beans consumption roughly the same urban and rural areas, cereals, drinking water, condiment intake in rural areas than in urban areas, and other kinds of food consumption are higher than rural areas of urban, rural and urban representative dietary composition is still food Cereals and vegetables are dominant; the monotonous animal foods in urban and rural areas and the meat consumption represented by pork account for 82.5% and 47.1% of the total animal food consumption of urban and rural residents respectively; the average beans, milk, Drinking water intake was significantly lower than the Chinese Dietary Guidelines recommended intake (RNI), alcohol, oil, salt intake significantly more than RNI, rural residents of beans, meat, aquatic intake of a serious shortage of urban and rural residents The intake of average caloric value reached 94.8%, 88.7% and 90.7% of the RNI respectively, and the protein reached 109.3%, 72% and 84.5% of the RNI respectively. The intakes of vitamin C, iron and sodium were sufficient, Insufficient intake of vitamin A, riboflavin, thiamine, calcium, zinc and selenium, excessive intake of fat by urban residents, inadequate protein intake and poor quality of rural residents. Conclusion In some areas of Hebei Province, the dietary structure of urban and rural residents is not reasonable and the intake of nutrients is not balanced. It is necessary to carry out dietary guidance of the population in a planned way.