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目的了解肇庆市2007-2014年流行性乙型脑炎(简称乙脑)流行特点及健康人群乙脑病毒抗体水平。方法对肇庆市2007-2014年乙脑患者资料进行描述性流行病学分析,对2012-2014年采集的怀集县和封开县共608份健康人群血清标本进行乙脑Ig G抗体检测,运用分析性流行病学方法进行分析。结果 2007年以来,肇庆市共报告117例乙脑疑似病例,经实验室确诊80例,其中死亡4例,年均发病率为0.24/10万。发病时间集中在5-7月,6月份为发病高峰;疫情主要分布在怀集县;乙脑病例以1~14岁儿童为主;确诊病例中无明确乙脑疫苗免疫史者占81.25%(65/80);怀集县健康人群乙脑Ig G抗体阳性率为85.76%(259/302),封开县为62.75%(192/306),2县抗体阳性率在不同年龄段、城乡之间比较有统计学差异。结论肇庆市乙脑流行呈现明显的季节性和一定的地域性,14岁以下儿童为易感人群,封开县健康人群乙脑Ig G抗体阳性率较怀集县要低;应及时为适龄儿童接种乙脑疫苗,做好防蚊灭蚊,强化疾病监测相关工作,控制乙脑流行。
Objective To understand the epidemic characteristics of Japanese encephalitis (JE) in Zhaoqing City from 2007 to 2014 and the antibody level of Japanese encephalitis virus in healthy population. Methods Descriptive epidemiological analysis of Japanese encephalitis patients from 2007 to 2014 in Zhaoqing City was conducted. Serum samples from 608 healthy people in Huaiji County and Fengkai County collected from 2012 to 2014 were tested for IgE IgE antibody. Sex epidemiological methods were analyzed. Results Since 2007, a total of 117 suspected cases of Japanese encephalitis have been reported in Zhaoqing City. 80 cases were confirmed by laboratory tests, of which 4 died, with an average annual incidence of 0.24 per 100 000. The onset time was concentrated in May-July and peaked in June. The outbreaks were mainly located in Huaiji County. The cases of JE were mainly children aged 1 to 14 years old. The confirmed cases were 81.25% 65/80). The positive rate of IgE antibody of JE in Huaiji was 85.76% (259/302) and 62.75% (192/306) in Fengkai County. The positive rate of antibody in 2 counties was between different age groups More statistically significant. Conclusions The prevalence of Japanese encephalitis in Zhaoqing City is obviously seasonal and certain regional. The children under 14 years of age are susceptible, and the positive rate of IgE of IgE in healthy population in Fengkai County is lower than that in Huaiji County. JE vaccine, mosquito control mosquito, strengthen disease surveillance related work, control of JE prevalence.