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《孟子》:《生于忧患,死于安乐》(初中语文第五册)中的“征于色,发于声,而后喻”。课本上的注释是:“憔悴枯槁表现在颜色上,吟咏叹息之气发于声音,然后人们才了解他。”这个注释,不能令人信服。文句的解释不能离开上下文。这个短句的原句是:“人恒过,然后能改;困于心,衡于虑,而后作;征于色,发于声,而后喻。”显然,这是一个并列复句,它的三个分句是从三个角度表达同一个意思,即人必先经过困惑方能明理。前两分句都说“这个人”怎样怎样,第三分句怎么会是“别人”怎样怎样呢?
“Mencius”: “Emerging from Suffering, Died in Comfort” (The fifth grade of junior high school), “Erase, color, sound, then metaphor.” The notes in the textbooks are: “Ahhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh.” The explanation of the sentence cannot leave the context. The original sentence of this short sentence is: “People are always there, then they can change; they are trapped in the heart, they are in the balance, and they do it later; they are in the color, they are in the sound, and they are later.” Obviously, this is a parallel sentence. Its three clauses express the same meaning from three perspectives. That is, people must be confused before they can understand. The first two sentences say how “this man” is, and how can the third clause be “someone else”?