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这个世界上很多东西建立于土地之上,也就是我们所说的土层或岩层上,包括我们所说的房屋道路,桥梁等工程建筑物。建筑物下部基础直接作用于土层岩层的那一部分称为我们众所周知的基础。基础的作用在于将建筑物的荷载平均的安全稳定地分摊到下面的土层岩层,建筑物荷载将会对以下的土层岩层造成原始应力的改变。这部分改变的土我们就统称之为地基。地基的破坏指的是当荷载超过其可承担的最大力时,地基发生失稳破坏。地基变形则是在荷载作用下发生相应的屈服变形。地基也有相应的规定,要求其沉降量,差值,倾斜度以及局部倾斜不能大于变形的允许值。
Much of this world is built on top of land, which is what we mean by soil or rock formations, including what we mean by houses, bridges, and other buildings. The part of the building’s lower foundation that acts directly on the earth strata is known as our well-known foundation. The basis of the function is to distribute the load of the building on an average, safe and stable basis to the underlying soil strata, which will cause a change in the original stress to the following strata. This part of the soil change we collectively referred to as the foundation. Foundation damage means that when the load exceeds the maximum force it can bear, the foundation is destabilized and destroyed. Foundation deformation is the corresponding yielding deformation under load. There are corresponding provisions of the foundation, requiring settlement, difference, inclination and local inclination can not be greater than the allowable value of deformation.