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本文初步分析了杂交稻的增产特性及与结实率有关的因素之间关系,主要结果如下:1、杂交稻结实率的高低,基本上是受营养生理支配,与遗传因素的影响关系较小,通过栽培措施的改进,杂交稻的结实率完全有可能提高到90%以上。 2、杂交稻的灌浆顺序和常规品种同样,首先是供应一次枝梗上的颖花,而后基本上是按顶端规律分配。那些已经授粉的颖花,即使暂时得不到必须的灌浆物质,只要以后的条件适宜,仍可以继续灌浆并能达到正常的充实程度。3、抽穗前植株体内灌浆物质的供应能力,在正常情况下约为30%,其余则均靠抽穗后的上部三张叶供应,但这种供应比例因栽培措施的不同而大有出入,体内贮藏物质越少的,供应比例越低,会直接影响到成熟率的提高。4、在目前采用的杂交组合和栽培条件下,平均单株的最高灌浆粒数可达110—130粒,相应的适宜颖花数宜在130—150粒之间,每亩适宜收获穗数为20—25万,高产穗数在23万以上。5、杂交稻在整个灌浆期间需要的日数约为52—54天,其间需要的正积温约为1100℃,以灌浆期间的生物学下限温度15℃推算,需要的有效积温约为310—360℃。由此推算的常年齐穗期应不迟于八月七日。 6、提高杂交稻成成熟率的三项基本条件是:尽量提早生育期:适当增加抽穗前植株体内碳水化合物的含量;保持抽穗后叶片具有高度的同化能力,三者是互相联系不可分割的。7、培育带蘖壮秧可能是创造更高产量的栽培措施中所不可忽视的一个因素。 8、氮肥的施用技术,首先是保证及早返青,并为分蘖的早生快发创造条件,同时要适时控制土壤的营养水平,促进向生殖生长的转化,后期则要注意穗肥的分次施用,以保持叶片的同化能力。9、在营养比较充足植株生长量不成为限制因子的情况下,单纯增加密度不大可能成为获得更高产量的途径。
The main results are as follows: 1. The seed setting rate of hybrid rice was basically controlled by vegetative physiology, which had little to do with the influence of genetic factors, Through the improvement of cultivation measures, the seed setting rate of hybrid rice is likely to be raised to more than 90%. 2, hybrid rice filling sequence and conventional varieties the same, the first is to supply a branch on the spike, and then basically according to the top distribution. Those who have been pollinated, even if the temporary lack of necessary grouting material, as long as the appropriate conditions later, can still continue to grouting and can achieve the normal degree of enrichment. 3, Before heading, the supply capacity of the grouting material in the plant is about 30% under normal circumstances, and the rest are supplied by the upper three leaves after heading, but the proportion of this supply is greatly different due to the cultivation measures, The less storage material, the lower the supply ratio, will directly affect the maturity rate increase. Under the current hybrid combinations and cultivation conditions, the average number of grain per plant up to 110-130 grains, the appropriate number of suitable spikes between 130-150 grains per acre suitable for harvesting spikes 20-25 million, spike in more than 230,000. 5. The number of days required for hybrid rice throughout the grain filling period is about 52-54 days, with a positive accumulated temperature of about 1100 ° C and a projected biological minimum of 15 ° C during filling, with an effective accumulated temperature of about 310-360 ° C . The estimated annual perennial heading should be no later than August 7. The three basic conditions to improve the ripening rate of hybrid rice are as follows: try to early growth period: appropriately increase the content of carbohydrate in the plant before heading; maintain the highly assimilative ability of leaves after heading; the three are inseparable. 7, Cultivation of tillers with strong seedling may be to create a higher yield of cultivation measures can not be ignored in a factor. 8, the application of nitrogen fertilizer technology, first of all to ensure early greening, and for the early tillering conditions to create fast, while timely control of soil nutrient levels and promote the transformation to reproductive growth, the latter should pay attention to the panicle spike fertilizer application, To maintain the ability of the assimilation of leaves. 9, in the case of nutrient-rich plant growth does not become a limiting factor, simply increasing the density is unlikely to be a way to obtain higher yields.