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目的 研究大肠癌变与 K- ras和 p5 3基因突变的关系。方法 采用 PCR- DNA双链四色荧光单道测序方法对 31例大肠癌组织、13例大肠息肉伴不典型增生、11例大肠癌术后并发的腹水标本进行 K-ras基因外显子 1、2和 p5 3基因外显子 5、6、7、8测序分析。结果 31例大肠癌组织中发现 K- ras基因突变7例 ,p5 3基因突变 11例 ,阳性率分别为 2 2 .5 8%和 35 .48% ;13例大肠息肉伴不典型增生组织中发现 p5 3基因突变 2例 ;11例术后腹水标本中发现 K- ras基因突变 1例和 p5 3基因突变 2例 ,且突变与患者原包埋组织结果一致。但未发现这两个基因同时突变的病例。结论 大肠组织癌变与这两个基因突变密切相关 ,K- ras和 p5 3基因突变可能为大肠癌变的早期事件 ;DNA测序方法是研究癌基因突变的最精确可靠的方法。
Objective To study the relationship between colorectal carcinogenesis and mutations of K-ras and p5 3 genes. Methods PCR-DNA double-stranded four-color fluorescence single-pass sequencing was used to detect the expression of exon 1 of K-ras gene in 31 cases of colorectal cancer, 13 cases of colorectal polyps with atypical hyperplasia and 11 cases of colorectal cancer after operation. 2 and p5 3 gene exons 5,6,7,8 sequencing analysis. Results Seventeen cases of K-ras gene mutation and 11 cases of p5 3 gene mutation were found in 31 cases of colorectal carcinoma with the positive rates of 22.5% and 35.4%, respectively. Thirteen cases of colorectal polyps with atypical hyperplasia p5 3 gene mutations in 2 cases; 11 cases of ascites specimens found K-ras gene mutation in 1 case and p5 3 gene mutations in 2 cases, and the mutation and the patient’s original embedded tissue results. However, no simultaneous mutation of these two genes was found. Conclusions The carcinogenesis of colorectal cancer is closely related to the mutations of these two genes. Mutations of K-ras and p5 3 genes may be early events of colorectal carcinogenesis. DNA sequencing is the most accurate and reliable method for studying oncogene mutations.