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目前,非上海户籍劳动力占全市劳动力总数已超过1/3强,外来劳动力对于上海经济的发展、缓解劳动力人口老化、增强城市活力起到了重要作用。进入21世纪以来,我国城乡劳动力市场的分割被逐步打破,但不同户籍劳动力在城市中仍处于不同的劳动力市场,大量农民工主要是在次要的劳动力市场就业。本文利用上海市2005年1%人口抽样调查资料,分析不同户籍劳动力就业状况,包括就业部门、职业分布、劳动时间、收入、社会保险等,运用劳动力市场分割理论,分析上海劳动力市场分割的特征、原因以及存在的问题。近期,虽然上海这样的特大城市的户籍不可能完全放开,但改善对于非本市户籍人口的社会支持体系是维护社会稳定、促进社会经济协调发展、建立和谐社会的重要内容。文章就消除劳动力市场分割提出对策建议。
Currently, the number of non-Shanghai laborers in the city accounts for more than one third of the total number of labors in the city. Migrant labor plays an important role in the economic development of Shanghai, alleviating the aging of the labor force and enhancing the vitality of the city. Since the beginning of the 21st century, the segmentation of the urban and rural labor market in our country has been gradually broken down. However, the labor force with different household registrations is still in different labor markets in the cities. A large number of migrant workers are mainly employed in the secondary labor market. Based on the sample of 1% population in Shanghai Municipality in 2005, this paper analyzes the employment status of different household registration labor force, including the employment department, occupation distribution, working time, income and social insurance. Using the labor market segmentation theory, this paper analyzes the characteristics of Shanghai labor market segmentation, Reasons and problems. Recently, although it is impossible to completely liberalize the domicile of a metropolitan city such as Shanghai, improving the social support system for the non-city household population is an important part of safeguarding social stability, promoting coordinated socio-economic development and building a harmonious society. The article puts forward countermeasures and suggestions on eliminating the labor market segmentation.