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【目的】探讨石家庄地区儿童支气管哮喘常见的诱因及预防对策。【方法】对入选的哮喘病例从生后首次喘息开始追溯,分为婴幼儿组(<3岁)和儿童组(≥3岁),通过统一问卷调查,分析常见的诱因。并对入选的患儿在治疗缓解后1周行皮肤过敏原点刺试验,分析常见的过敏原。【结果】首次发病年龄主要集中在6岁以内,特别是3岁以内,发病诱因主要是呼吸道感染,多发季节为秋冬季,好发时间为夜间及凌晨,婴幼儿组发病率为93.5%,儿童组发病率为54%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=46.122,P<0.01);吸入激素自行减量及停药是诱发哮喘的另一重要诱因,婴幼儿组为30.1%,儿童组为44.4%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=4.952,P<0.05);居住/接触的环境过敏原导致哮喘发作,婴幼儿组为26.2%,儿童组43.7%,两组比较差异有统计学意义(χ2=7.497,P<0.05);虽然运动是诱发哮喘的重要诱因之一,但两组间比较差异无统计学意义(χ2=2.744,P>0.05);共有446例患儿过敏原皮试阳性,占96.3%,尘螨阳性率在婴幼儿组较高为46.8%,在儿童组为35.0%,柳树花粉阳性率在儿童组较高为37.4%,在婴幼儿组为19.8%,尘螨和柳树花粉在婴幼儿组和儿童组差别均有统计学意义(χ2=5.417,12.849,P均<0.01);【结论】呼吸道感染是儿童哮喘最常见的诱因,尤其是婴幼儿。随着年龄增大,非感染因素逐渐成为诱发哮喘的主要诱因。减少呼吸道感染,改善环境,避免接触过敏原,遵医嘱正确使用控制哮喘的药物,是减少哮喘发作的有效措施。
【Objective】 To investigate the common causes and prevention strategies of childhood bronchial asthma in Shijiazhuang. 【Methods】 The selected asthmatic cases were retrospectively analyzed from the first respite after birth, and divided into infants and young children (<3 years old) and children (≥3 years old). Uniform questionnaires were used to analyze the common triggers. And the selected children in the treatment of relief 1 week after skin allergy prick test, analysis of common allergens. 【Results】 The first onset age mainly concentrated in the 6-year-old, especially within 3 years of age, the predisposing causes were mainly respiratory infections, multiple seasons were autumn and winter, the onset time was night and early morning, the incidence of infants and young children was 93.5% Group incidence was 54%, the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (χ2 = 46.122, P <0.01); inhalation hormone self-reduction and withdrawal is another important incentive for asthma, infants and young children was 30.1%, children (Χ2 = 4.952, P <0.05); environmental allergens caused by inhabitants / contact resulted in asthma attacks in infants and young children group (26.2%) and children group (43.7%), the differences between the two groups were statistically significant (Χ2 = 7.497, P <0.05). Although exercise was one of the major causes of asthma, there was no significant difference between the two groups (χ2 = 2.744, P> 0.05). A total of 446 children The allergen skin test was positive, accounting for 96.3%. The positive rate of dust mite was 46.8% in infants and young children, 35.0% in children, the positive rate of willow pollen was 37.4% in children and 19.8% in infants, , Dust mites and willow pollen in infants and children groups were significantly different (χ2 = 5.417,12.849, P <0.01); 【Conclusion】 Respiratory tract infections are the most common cause of asthma in children, especially infants and young children. With age, noninfectious factors have gradually become the main cause of asthma. Reduce respiratory infections, improve the environment, avoid contact with allergens, as directed by the correct use of drugs to control asthma, is an effective measure to reduce the incidence of asthma.