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目的分析我国中老年人血清低高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(high density lipoprotein cholesterol,HDL-c)血症与膳食的关系。方法数据来源于2010-2012年中国居民营养与健康状况监测。对我国城乡150个监测点45岁及以上居民共28 092名进行基本情况问卷调查及连续3 d的24 h膳食调查,采用直接法测定调查对象空腹血清HDL-c水平,按《中国成人血脂异常防治指南(2016年修订版)》标准判断低HDL-c血症。结果我国中老年人低HDL-c血症患病率男性高于女性(x~2=202.144,P<0.001);低HDL-c血症患病率随年龄增加呈下降趋势(x~2=9.782,P=0.002);随收入增加(x~2=16.143,P<0.001)和文化程度提高(x~2=95.129,P<0.001)呈现上升趋势;大城市、中小城市、普通农村和贫困农村血清低HDL-c血症患病率分别为36.5%,32.4%,33.5%和34.0%,地区间差异有统计学意义(x~2=7.314,P=0.007)。城乡男性低HDL-c血症与HDL-c正常人群水果、蛋类和奶类摄入量差异均有统计学意义(均有P<0.05);城乡女性低HDL-c血症与HDL-c正常人群红肉类和禽肉类摄入量差异均有统计学意义(均有P<0.05)。调整其他因素后Logistic回归分析显示,低HDL-c血症与粮谷类、水果和红肉摄入有关,其OR(95%CI)值分别为1.06(1.03~1.09)、1.12(1.06~1.19)和0.91(0.89~0.93)。结论我国城乡中老年人血清低HDL-c血症患病率较高,低HDL-c血症与粮谷类、水果和红肉摄入量有关。
Objective To analyze the relationship between serum low density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and diet in middle and old aged people in China. Method data from 2010-2012 Chinese residents nutrition and health monitoring. A total of 28 092 residents aged 45 years and above in urban and rural areas of China were surveyed with 28 092 questionnaires and a 24-hour dietary survey for three consecutive days. The fasting serum HDL-c levels were measured by direct method. According to “Chinese adult dyslipidemia Prevention Guide (2016 Revised Edition) ”criteria to determine low HDL-c hyperlipidemia. Results The prevalence of low HDL-c in middle-aged and elderly people was higher than that in women (x ~ 2 = 202.144, P <0.001). The prevalence of low HDL- 9.782, P = 0.002). With the increase of income (x 2 = 16.143, P <0.001) and the improvement of education (x 2 = 95.129, P 0.001) The prevalence rates of low HDL-c in rural areas were 36.5%, 32.4%, 33.5% and 34.0%, respectively. There was significant difference between the two groups (x ~ 2 = 7.314, P = 0.007). There were significant differences in the intake of fruits, eggs and milk among the urban and rural men with low HDL-c and HDL-c (all P <0.05). Low HDL-c in urban and rural women was associated with HDL-c The normal population of red meat and poultry meat intake differences were statistically significant (both P <0.05). After adjusted for other factors, Logistic regression analysis showed that low HDL-c was associated with cereal, fruit and red meat intake, with OR (95% CI) of 1.06 (1.03-1.09) and 1.12 (1.06-1.19) And 0.91 (0.89 ~ 0.93). Conclusion The prevalence of low serum HDL-c in middle-aged and elderly people in our country is high, and the low HDL-c is related to the intake of grains, fruits and red meat.