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基于表面化学性质,泡沫浮选已成为一种分离非均质固体混合物的有效手段,并被广泛应用于原矿分离及其他化学工业。在浮选过程中,捕收剂往往对矿物表面进行选择性吸附以调控矿物表面的亲疏水性。目前,大部分可溶盐的生产,尤其是钾盐工业生产,主要采用泡沫浮选的方法。尽管可溶盐实际浮选体系很复杂,但主要包含矿物晶体、捕收剂、气泡和高离子强度的饱和盐溶液四种组分。实际上,浮选能否完成是这四种组分相互作用的结果。因此,大量的可溶盐浮选机理研究工作都集中于浮选体系中各组分之间的相互作用。本文对高离子强度下可溶盐浮选机理的主要研究成果进行了综述,重点介绍了可溶盐的溶液化学性质,捕收剂在饱和盐溶液中的胶体性质,捕收剂在矿物晶体表面的选择性吸附机制和吸附行为,矿物晶体/饱和盐溶液界面性质以及气泡在浮选过程中作用机理,并对高离子强度下可溶盐浮选机理研究的发展趋势进行了展望。
Based on the surface chemistry, froth flotation has become an effective means of separating heterogeneous solid mixtures and is widely used in ore separation and other chemical industries. During the flotation process, collectors tend to selectively adsorb the mineral surface to regulate the hydrophobicity of the mineral surface. At present, the production of most soluble salts, especially potassium salts, is mainly conducted by means of froth flotation. Despite the complexity of the actual flotation system of soluble salts, the four components mainly consist of mineral crystals, collectors, bubbles and saturated salt solutions of high ionic strength. In fact, the flotation can be completed is the result of the interaction of these four components. Therefore, a large number of soluble salt flotation mechanism research efforts have focused on the interaction between the various components of the flotation system. In this paper, the main research results of the flotation mechanism of soluble salts under high ionic strength are summarized. The solution chemistry of soluble salts, the colloidal properties of the collector in saturated salt solution, the adsorption of the collector on the surface of the mineral crystal Adsorption mechanism and adsorption behavior, the interface properties of mineral crystal / saturated salt solution and the bubble mechanism in the flotation process, and the development trend of the research on the mechanism of the soluble salt flotation under high ionic strength is also prospected.