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目的探讨适合农村地区的慢性非传染性疾病防治方法并对其效果进行评价。方法采用随机整群抽样方法从吴江区抽取3个村18岁及以上居民进行研究,于2011年8月进行基线调查;2012年3～7月对上述三村居民进行多种途径的健康教育,其方法包括建立健康知识宣传栏,发放健康知识宣传册、播放录像和广播、举办健康教育讲座、“小手拉大手-健康大行动”等;干预后采用相同的方法对人群进行问卷调查,比较干预前后居民对慢性病防治知识的知晓情况,并评价干预效果。结果干预后农村居民对代谢综合征定义、高血压诊断标准、糖尿病诊断标准及体重指数正常范围的知晓率较干预前分别提高了54.16%、34.23%、42.54%和19.68%;约41.68%的农村居民通过电视广播获得慢性病防治知识,37.60%的农村居民通过子女或周围的人获得慢性病防治知识。结论健康教育对农村居民慢性病防治知识知晓率的提高有显著影响;电视广播和“小手拉大手-健康大行动”是农村地区健康教育的有效途径,值得在其他地区推广。
Objective To explore the methods of prevention and treatment of chronic non-communicable diseases suitable for rural areas and to evaluate their effects. Methods A random cluster sampling method was used to select 3 villages of 18 years old and above from Wujiang District for study. A baseline survey was conducted in August 2011. From March to July 2012, various villages were provided with health education in various ways. Methods include the establishment of health knowledge bulletin boards, distribution of health knowledge brochures, video and radio broadcasts, health education seminars held, “little hand pull big hand - health action ” and so on; using the same method after the intervention in the population survey, comparison Residents’ knowledge of chronic disease prevention and control knowledge before and after intervention, and evaluate the effect of intervention. Results After the intervention, the rural residents’ awareness of the definition of metabolic syndrome, the diagnostic criteria of hypertension, the diagnostic criteria of diabetes and the normal range of body mass index were 54.16%, 34.23%, 42.54% and 19.68% respectively higher than those before intervention; about 41.68% Residents got the knowledge of prevention and treatment of chronic diseases through television broadcasting, and 37.60% of rural residents got the knowledge of prevention and treatment of chronic diseases through their children or the people around them. Conclusions Health education has a significant impact on raising awareness rate of chronic disease prevention and control among rural residents; TV broadcasting and “little hand-in-hand - health action ” is an effective way of health education in rural areas, and should be promoted in other areas.