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“创造财富”和“消灭剥削”是近现代经济学的两大并存主旨。在以亚当·斯密为代表的古典经济学中,创造财富,即财富的发生原因和增长机制理论,或称提高效率这个主旨的科学地位已经完全确立。但是,公平分配或称消灭剥削这个人类理想那时尚未在经济学科学领域中取得与创造财富同等重要的科学地位。从经济学说史的角度看,是李嘉图首先把分配理论放在经济学的中心地位来加以研究的。在其最重要的著作的序言里,他写道:“土地产品——即将劳动、机器和资本联合运用在地面上所取得的一切产品——要在土地所有者,耕种所需的资本的所有者以及以进行耕种工作的劳动者这三个社会阶级之间进行分配”“确立支配这种分配的法则,乃是
“Creating wealth” and “eliminating exploitation” are two major co-existence motives of modern economics. In classical economics represented by Adam Smith, the scientific status of wealth creation, that is, the causes of wealth and the theory of growth mechanism, or the so-called efficiency-enhancing, has been completely established. However, at that time, the human ideal of equitable distribution or elimination of exploitation had not attained as much scientific status in economic science as the creation of wealth. From the perspective of the history of economics, Ricardo first studied the theory of distribution by placing it at the center of economics. In the preface to his most important book, he writes: “Land products - everything that is obtained by the joint application of labor, machinery, and capital on the ground - must be owned by the landowners, all And between the three social classes, the laborers engaged in the cultivation work. ”" The law governing this distribution is established