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已经确认吸烟和职业暴露在发达国家是膀胱癌的主要的危险因素。在研究中营养因素也开始得到注意。在西班牙的五个地区,进行了一项多因素的研究。受试对象为432名男性膀胱癌患者,同年龄组的792名男性作为对照(其中一半为住院病人,一半为健康者),直接询问受试者的饮食史,填写渊查表进行调查。摄取的是典型的西班牙膳食,与其它欧洲南部的国家相比,植物油和鱼比黄油和肉食用的更多一些,而糊剂
Smoking and occupational exposure have been identified as the major risk factors for bladder cancer in developed countries. Nutritional factors are also beginning to be noticed in the study. In five areas of Spain, a multi-factor study was conducted. Subjects were 432 male patients with bladder cancer, 792 men in the same age group as a control (half of hospitalized patients, half healthy), asked directly to the subject’s diet history, fill in the deep-table survey. Ingesting a typical Spanish meal, vegetable oils and fish are more consumed than butter and meat compared to other southern European countries, whereas paste