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苏联成功地向高空發射了两颗人造衛星,这是一件大事,这件大事也給天文学的研究工作开辟了一条新的广闊的道路。我們一向是在地面上观測天体的,而天体的光綫在到达我們的眼睛或者是天文望远鏡的鏡头之前,必須先穿过一層包围着地球的大气。当天体的光綫从这層地球大气穿过,大部份的光线都被地球大气所吸收,只有波长从2,950埃[注]到20,000埃和波长从1厘米到30米两个范围以内的天体輻射,才能够穿过地球的大气到达地面上来。有人把这两个波长范围叫做地球大气的两个窗戶。現在,人造衛星的一个重要任务就是把这两个窗戶扩大,使我們能够对所有波长的輻射进行研究。一般認为,地球大气的上層,是在一千公里左右的高度,而过了三百公里以后,地球大气已經十分稀薄了,
The Soviet Union successfully launched two artificial satellites at high altitude. This is a major event. This major event has also opened up a new and broad road for the study of astronomy. We have always observed the celestial bodies on the ground. Before the celestial body’s rays reach our eyes or the lens of an astronomical telescope, we must first pass through a layer of atmosphere that surrounds the Earth. The light from the object’s body passes through this layer of Earth’s atmosphere. Most of the light is absorbed by the earth’s atmosphere. Only celestial bodies with wavelengths ranging from 2,950 angstroms to 20,000 angstroms and wavelengths ranging from 1 cm to 30 meters are included. Radiation can only reach the ground through the earth’s atmosphere. Some people call these two wavelength ranges as two windows in the Earth’s atmosphere. Now, an important task for satellites is to expand the two windows so that we can study the radiation at all wavelengths. It is generally believed that the upper layer of the earth’s atmosphere is at a height of about 1,000 kilometers, and after 300 kilometers, the atmosphere of the earth has become very thin.