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Objective To investigate the impact of childbirth on the sexual health of primiparous women in China and the prevalence of womens postpartum sexual problems Method In this cross-sectional study, obstetric records of 460 primiparous women delivering a live-birth at the First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing University of Medical Sciences between November 1, 2000 and July 31, 2001 were analyzed together with the data collected from questionnaire survey conducted six months after delivery.Results Totally 460 women participated in the questionnaire survey. Though 94. 74% of the subjects had resumed sexual activity within six months after birth, most of them had experienced postpartum sexual problems, among which dyspareunia was the most common type. There was no significant association between delivery types and womens sexual health status in six months after birth, including their satisfactory degree of sexual intercourse, sexual desire, sex active rate, the incidence of dyspareunia and pubococcygeal muscle strength ( P＞0. 05 ). Only 20.80%of women had knowledge of sexual health and 8.02% of them had consulted for sexual problems.Conclusions Womens postpartum sexual health problems were very common, they deserve more attention. There was no significant association between delivery types and womens postpartum sexual problems at the 6th month after delivery.