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目的:了解宁夏回族自治区婚前保健与出生缺陷发生状况,为政府部门制定干预措施提供依据。方法:对2004~2011年宁夏婚前保健与出生缺陷发生情况进行整理、汇总,按照婚检率、出生缺陷发生率、婚检疾病检出率等分年度及不同病种进行统计分析。结果:2004~2008年宁夏回族自治区结婚登记人数共计332 970例,婚检人数18 245例,平均婚检率5.48%;2009年结婚登记人数90 010例,婚检人数9 061例,婚检率10.07%。自2010年起实施免费婚检,2010、2011年的婚检率分别增至67.61%、90.72%。2004~2011年通过婚前保健检出的相关疾病共计24 031例。神经管缺陷的发生率2004年居首位,2005~2009年波动在第2位、第3位;自2010年宁夏回族自治区实现免费婚检、免费增补叶酸以来,神经管缺陷的发生率2010年降至第4位,2011年排列在主要出生缺陷发生情况的前5位之外。结论:2004~2009年宁夏回族自治区婚检率较低,免费婚检后婚检率迅速上升,婚检对降低出生缺陷尤其神经管缺陷有积极意义。
Objective: To understand the occurrence of prenatal care and birth defects in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, and to provide the basis for government departments to formulate intervention measures. Methods: The incidence of prenuptial care and birth defects in Ningxia from 2004 to 2011 were collated and summarized. Statistical analysis was conducted according to the prenatal and postnatal periods, the incidence of birth defects and the prevalence of premarital diseases. Results: From 2004 to 2008, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region recorded a total of 332 970 cases of marriage and 18 245 premarital examinations, the average premarital examination rate was 5.48%. In 2009, the number of married marriages was 90 010, the number of premarital clinics was 9 061 and the rate of premarital examination was 10.07%. Since 2010, the implementation of free premarital examination, pre-marital examination rates in 2010 and 2011 increased to 67.61% and 90.72% respectively. A total of 24 031 cases of related diseases detected through premarital health care were collected from 2004 to 2011. The incidence of neural tube defects ranked first in 2004, and fluctuated between No. 2 and No. 3 in 2005 ~ 2009. Since 2010, when free premarital examination and free folate supplementation were implemented in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region, the incidence of neural tube defects was reduced in 2010 To No. 4 in 2011, ranking among the top 5 in terms of major birth defects. Conclusion: The rate of premarital examination in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region was low from 2004 to 2009. The rate of premarital examination rose rapidly after the free premarital examination. Premarital examination had a positive effect on reducing the birth defects, especially the neural tube defects.