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合词法(composition)是英语词汇主要构成方式之一。用这种方法构成的词称之为复合词。在英语发展史中,复合词古已有之。英国政论家和人文主义作家托马斯·莫尔(Thomas More,1478-1535)在《乌托邦》(Utopia)一书中就用过husbandman,household,storehouse等复合词;成廉·莎士比亚在《理查德二世》(Richard Ⅱ)及《亨利五世》(Henry V)中用过too-fast-growing,sea-walled,fathom-line,gentleman等复合词。在现代英语中,复合词与日俱增。近一二百年来,特别是本世纪以来,随着经济、文化、科学、技术的发展,复合词如雨后春笋般地涌现,其结构日趋纷繁,其语义日益丰富,其用途也更加广泛,真不愧为英语词汇一朵绚丽多彩的鲜花。从词汇学、语义学的角度对它进行观察与研究,对语言理论的探讨和改进外语教学大有裨益。
Composition is one of the main forms of English vocabulary. Words formed by this method are called compound words. In the history of English development, compound words have existed since ancient times. Thomas More (1478-1535), a British political commentator and humanist writer, used the compound words “husband, household, storehouse,” in Utopia; William Shakespeare, in "Richard II Too-fast-growing, sea-walled, fathom-line, gentleman and other compounds were used in Richard II and Henry V. In modern English, compound words are increasing day by day. In the past one hundred and two centuries, especially since the beginning of this century, with the development of economy, culture, science and technology, compound words have sprung up and their structures have become more and more numerous with increasingly semantic meanings and more extensive uses A colorful flower for English vocabulary. Observing and studying it from the perspective of lexicology and semantics can greatly benefit the discussion of linguistic theory and the improvement of foreign language teaching.