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目的了解掌握大理州2016年鼠疫疫源地的鼠疫疫情动态、流行规律,为鼠疫流行趋势的预测、预警和制定防制对策提供科学依据。方法按《全国鼠疫监测方案》和《云南省鼠疫监测方案》开展鼠疫宿主、媒介和病原学监测。结果捕获啮齿动物分属2目4科7属9种。其中家鼠疫区室内外均以黄胸鼠、褐家鼠为优势种;野鼠疫区室内以黄胸鼠、褐家鼠为优势种,室外以齐氏姬鼠、大绒鼠为优势种。从啮齿动物检蚤分属1目4科9属9种,黄胸鼠以缓慢细蚤、印鼠客蚤为主;褐家鼠以印鼠客蚤、缓慢细蚤为主;齐氏姬鼠以棕形额蚤、特新蚤指名亚种为主;大绒鼠以方叶栉眼蚤为主,特新蚤指名亚种及棕形额蚤为次要染带蚤种。动物检菌5 715份,媒介检菌2 693份,鼠血清检验2 771份,均为阴性。结论虽然大理州家鼠、野鼠两块鼠疫疫源地主要宿主和媒介种群、构成、密度和指数相对稳定,疫情也相对稳定,但毗邻丽江地区近几年连续发生鼠疫疫情,故应加强疫情监测和切实做好各项应急准备工作。
Objective To understand the dynamics and prevalence of plague epidemics in the plague foci of 2016 in Dali Prefecture and to provide a scientific basis for the prediction, early warning and epidemic prevention of plague epidemics. Methods According to the “National Plague Surveillance Program” and “Yunnan Province Plague Surveillance Program” to carry out plague host, vector and etiological monitoring. Results Rodents belong to 2 orders, 4 families, 7 genera and 9 species. Among them, Rattus flavipectum and Rattus norvegicus were the dominant species indoors and in the outside of the plague area. Rattus flavipectum and Rattus norvegicus were the dominant species in the wild plague endemic area. From rodents septicemia are 9 orders and 9 families, 1 species, Rattus flavipectus to slow flea, Indian rat flea; Rattus norvegicus to India rat flea, slow flea; Q. agkistrodon The brown-shaped fleas, especially the new flea denominated subspecies mainly; large-eared buckthorn fleece square, the new flea named subspecies and brown-shaped flea as the secondary ribbon flea species. 5 715 animals were bacteriologically tested, 2 693 were tested for vector bacteria and 2 771 were tested for murine serum, all of which were negative. Conclusions Although the main host and vector populations of the two plague foci in Dali Prefecture are relatively stable in composition, density and index, and the epidemic is relatively stable, plague outbreaks have been reported continuously in recent years in Lijiang area. Therefore, epidemic situation monitoring should be strengthened And do a good job in all emergency preparations.