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目的了解乌鲁木齐市维吾尔族孕妇膳食营养现状,分析存在的问题,为做好孕期的膳食营养保健提供依据。方法以乌鲁木齐市600名维吾尔族孕妇(孕早、中、晚期各200名)为调查对象,采用24h回顾法调查食物摄入状况,计算各类食物和营养素的摄入量及达标情况。结果谷类和油类食物的摄入量分别为(720.41±214.01)g和(34.13±7.12)g,均高于推荐摄入量;薯类及制品、水果、乳类及制品的摄入量分别为(81.58±54.747)、(391.84±316.23)、(235.75±166.69)g,达到推荐摄入量。蔬菜、畜肉类及制品的摄入量分别为(345.35±139.28)g和(85.57±52.52)g,低于推荐标准。52.3%维吾尔族孕妇未食用豆类及坚果类,食用豆类及坚果类的维吾尔族孕妇摄入量为(30.06±23.32)g,低于推荐摄入量。65.8%维吾尔族孕妇未食用蛋类,食用蛋类的孕妇摄入量为(57.54±16.95)g,达到推荐摄入量。能量、蛋白质、碳水化合物摄入量达到推荐摄入量,分别为(3 240.78±793.85)kcal、(106.55±29.51)g和(606.08±187.02)g;钙、磷、钾、钠、镁、铁、锌的摄入量分别为(1 478.04±757.74)、(1 749.07±546.69)、(4 619.97±1 768.79)、(5 492.33±1 126.7)、(677.49±232.37)、(40.77±14.69)、(21.07±6.46)mg,达到或高于推荐摄入量。VitE、VitC的摄入量分别为(18.30±5.21)mg和(320.49±159.3)mg,高于推荐摄入量,孕中、晚期Vit B1的摄入量为(1.52±0.44)mg、(1.73±0.51)mg达到推荐摄入量,VitA、B2的摄入量为(717.37±415.30)、(1.12±0.34)mg,低于推荐摄入量。结论各类食物和营养素摄入不合理,摄入不足或超量比例较大。主要以谷类作为热量来源,富含优质蛋白的乳类、肉类及豆类食物摄入不足。油类、谷类及制品摄入超标,豆类、坚果类及鸡蛋类摄入量不足。
Objective To understand the status quo of dietary nutrition of Uyghur pregnant women in Urumqi and to analyze the existing problems so as to provide a basis for dietary health care during pregnancy. Methods A total of 600 Uyghur pregnant women (200 in the early, middle and late pregnancy) of Urumqi were enrolled in this study. The food intake and the intake of various foods and nutrients were calculated using a 24 h retrospective study. Results The intake of cereals and oil foods were (720.41 ± 214.01) g and (34.13 ± 7.12) g, respectively, which were higher than the recommended intakes; the intakes of potato and products, fruits, dairy products and products were (81.58 ± 54.747), (391.84 ± 316.23) and (235.75 ± 166.69) g, respectively, reached the recommended intake. The intake of vegetables, meat and meat products were (345.35 ± 139.28) g and (85.57 ± 52.52) g respectively, lower than the recommended standard. 52.3% Uighur pregnant women consume beans and nuts, consumption of beans and nuts Uyghur pregnant women intake (30.06 ± 23.32) g, lower than the recommended intake. 65.8% pregnant women with Uighur pregnant women not eating eggs, eating eggs, intake of (57.54 ± 16.95) g, to reach the recommended intake. (3 240.78 ± 793.85) kcal, (106.55 ± 29.51) g and (606.08 ± 187.02) g, respectively. The contents of calcium, phosphorus, potassium, sodium, magnesium and iron in the intake of energy, protein and carbohydrate were , And the intake of zinc were (1 478.04 ± 757.74), (1 749.07 ± 546.69), (4 619.97 ± 1 768.79), (5 492.33 ± 1 126.7), (677.49 ± 232.37), (40.77 ± 14.69) (21.07 ± 6.46) mg, reached or exceeded the recommended intake. VitE and VitC intake were (18.30 ± 5.21) mg and (320.49 ± 159.3) mg, respectively, higher than the recommended intake. The intake of Vit B1 in the middle and late pregnancy was (1.52 ± 0.44) mg and ± 0.51) mg reached the recommended intake. The intake of VitA and B2 was (717.37 ± 415.30) and (1.12 ± 0.34) mg respectively, lower than the recommended intake. Conclusion All kinds of food and nutrient intake unreasonable, inadequate intake or excessive proportion of larger. Mainly to cereal as a source of heat, rich in high-quality protein milk, meat and beans food intake. Excess intake of oils, cereals and products, inadequate intake of beans, nuts and eggs.