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目的了解轨道交通制造业电焊烟尘危害、与电焊工尘肺发病及预后的关系,为企业管理和防治策略的制定提供科学依据。方法整理并分析山东某企业2005~2014年现场监测、健康监护及电焊工尘肺发病及随访资料。结果多焊点作业电焊烟尘超标率达31.40%,电焊工尘肺发病率达5.51%,危害严重;电焊工尘肺平均发病工龄(23.54±8.29)年;随访电焊工尘肺37例,有34例高千伏胸片呈无变化或好转趋势,占91.89%,有3例呈明显加重趋势(均接触其他粉尘),占8.11%。结论轨道交通设备制造业电焊烟尘危害较重,电焊工尘肺发病较高,多焊点作业是轨道交通制造业环境治理的关键。电焊工尘肺多数预后良好,焊接对象亦是影响预后的重要因素。
Objective To understand the relationship between the hazards of welding dust in rail transit manufacturing industry and the incidence and prognosis of pneumoconiosis in electric welders and to provide a scientific basis for the formulation of enterprise management and prevention and control strategies. Methods The data of on-site monitoring, health care and the occurrence and follow-up of pneumoconiosis of welders in Shandong from 2005 to 2014 were sorted out and analyzed. Results The over-standard rate of welding fume in multi-spot welding operation reached 31.40%, the incidence rate of welder pneumoconiosis was 5.51%, which was seriously harmful. The average length of service of welder pneumoconiosis was (23.54 ± 8.29) years; V-chest X-ray showed no change or improvement trend, accounting for 91.89%, 3 cases showed a significant increase trend (all exposed to other dust), accounting for 8.11%. Conclusion Welding dust and dust are more serious in the rail transit equipment manufacturing industry, and the occurrence of pneumoconiosis in welders is higher. The operation of multi-spot welding is the key to environmental management in the rail transit manufacturing industry. Welder pneumoconiosis most of the prognosis is good, the welding object is also an important factor affecting the prognosis.