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用水平仪进行水平性或竖直性测量时,每一次读数(即气泡边缘偏离长刻线的格数)都受零位误差和气泡长度误差的影响。用一般测量方法测量前首先要调准零位,将其误差限制在1/4格范围以内。而调零是件很费时的工作。调零过程又会带来温度变化,使零位不稳。故有时需要反复定温,反复调整。气泡长度误差更是一项常被忽视而且数值较大的误差。20℃时允许±1格。冷时伸长,热时缩短。其误差可达±2格,甚致更大些。如果用图中所示的方法进行读数和计算,可将两项误差排除,获
When using the spirit level to make horizontal or vertical measurements, each reading (ie, the number of cells at which the edge of the bubble deviates from a long ruled line) is affected by zero error and bubble length error. Before using the general measurement method to measure the first zero alignment, the error is limited to within a quarter of the grid. Zeroing is a time-consuming work. Zeroing process will bring about temperature changes, so that zero instability. It is sometimes necessary to repeatedly set the temperature, repeated adjustments. Bubble length error is a more often overlooked and numerical error. ± 1 ℃ at 20 ℃. Lengthening when cold, shortening when hot. The error of up to ± 2 grid, even larger. If you use the method shown in the figure to perform the readings and calculations, you can eliminate both errors