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脓毒症是由于感染引起宿主反应失调导致的危及生命的器官功能障碍，进一步可发展为脓毒性休克。现今，在世界范围内，脓毒症仍是导致儿童死亡的重要原因，因此，早期评估脓毒症的疾病严重程度和预后具有极其重要的意义。然而，目前并无敏感性和特异性均较好的指标用于脓毒症的疾病严重程度和预后的评估。近年来，大量研究发现血小板在脓毒症中发挥重要作用。已有研究表明血小板计数为影响脓毒症患者疾病严重程度及预后的独立因素。到目前为止，脓毒症引起血小板计数下降的具体机制仍未完全明确，现就血小板减少对脓毒症患者疾病严重程度及预后的预测价值进行阐述。“,”Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by dysregulation of the host response due to infection, and it can further develop into septic shock.Currently, sepsis is still a leading cause of death in children all over the world.Therefore, early assessment of the severity and prognosis of sepsis is of great significance.However, there are no indexes with high sensitivity and specificity for evaluating the severity and prognosis of sepsis at present.In recent years, a large number of studies have revealed the essential role of platelets in sepsis.It has been reported that the platelet count is an independent factor affecting the severity and prognosis of sepsis patients.Up to now, the specific mechanism of sepsis-induced thrombocytopenia has not been fully clarified.In this review, the value of thrombocytopenia in predicting the severity and prognosis of sepsis patients was elaborated.